利用废渣制备催化裂化催化剂及其催化性能研究

采用X射线荧光光谱、N₂吸附-脱附、吡啶吸附红外光谱等分析手段对催化裂化催化剂生产过程所产生的废渣进行分析，并研究了废渣脱除杂质的处理工艺；利用优化处理的废渣或/和高岭土为载体、分子筛为活性组分经喷雾干燥制备催化裂化催化剂，分析催化剂的物化性质，并利用固定流化床装置评价催化剂性能。结果表明：pH为3.0、搅拌时间为20 min、NH₄Cl投料比为20%、温度为60℃、洗涤介质为NH₄Cl、先洗涤后焙烧再洗涤是处理催化剂废渣的最佳工艺条件；在反应温度为480℃、剂油质量比为7.5、质量空速为4 h^-1、原料油为大庆减压蜡油的条件下，与以高岭土为载体的催化剂相比，综合考虑优选载体中废渣质量分数在10%～20%的催化剂具有更强的重油转化能力，产物液体收率和汽油选择性更高，汽油组成中异构烷烃含量高、烯烃含量低。

PREPARATION AND CATALYTIC PERFORMANCE OF FCC CATALYST FROM WASTE RESIDUE

The waste residue produced in the production of cracking catalysts was analyzed by XRF, N₂ adsorption-desorption, IR, pyridine adsorption and other methods, and the treatment process of removing impurities from the waste residue was studied. The FCC catalysts were prepared by spray drying using the treated catalyst waste or/and kaolin as a support, the zeolite as the active component. The results showed that the optimal process for treating catalyst waste residue was as followed: the solution pH was 3.0, the stirring time was 20 min, NH₄Cl feeding mass ratio was 20%, reaction temperature was 60 ℃, washing medium was NH₄Cl, the order of washing and calcination was washing,calcination and washing again. Compared with the catalyst using kaolin as the supports, the catalyst with mass fraction 10%-20% waste residue in the optimum carrier had better heavy oil conversion ability, higher liquid yield, higher gasoline selectivity, higher content of isoolefin and lower content of olefin in gasoline composition under the conditions of a reaction temperature of 480 ℃, a mass ratio of catalyst to oil of 7.5, a mass space velocity of 4 h^-1，using Daqing VGO as feedstock.