门诊大厅人员疏散与窗口布局优化模拟研究

摘 要：为保障医院门诊大厅人员疏散安全，开展门诊大厅人员疏散模拟与服务窗口布局优化研究。通过实地观测,统计门诊大厅的几种典型服务窗口布局以及人员数量和构成；基于调研数据，设置不同人员速度以及竞争关系，建立基于精细网络元胞自动机的医院门诊大厅疏散模型，模拟不同服务窗口布局下的人员疏散过程，并进一步提出服务窗口优化设计。研究结果表明：两侧服务窗口布局最优，疏散时间最短；服务窗口布局对运动能力越弱的人员影响越大；设置特殊窗口可以保障行动不便人群优先疏散，两侧靠近出口设置特殊窗口的疏散效率最高。研究可为门诊大厅服务窗口布局设计和人员安全疏散管理提供支撑。

Simulation of evacuation of outpatient halls and optimization of window layout

To ensure the safety of the evacuation of the outpatient hall, the evacuation simulation and the optimization of the layout of the service windows were carried out. In this paper, several typical window layouts and the number and composition of patients in different outpatient halls are explored through field observations; modifying the fine discrete cellular automaton model by setting different moving and competing abilities based on the field survey data, an evacuation dynamic model for outpatient hall is proposed to simulate evacuation under different window layouts, and further set the special window. The main results include: A layout of windows on both sides is optimal, and the evacuation time is the shortest in this situation; The opposite layout has the highest evacuation fluency; The window layout has a greater impact on the patients with weaker moving ability; Setting priority windows can ensure the priority evacuation of people with disabilities, and setting priority windows on both sides near the exit is the most efficient for evacuation. This study provides support for the design of the service window layout in the outpatient hall and for the crowd evacuation management.