国内外重大森林火灾研究进展

摘 要：随着全球气候变暖，人为干扰活动增多，全球森林主要分布区发生重大森林火灾的可能性不断增加。本文介绍了国内外关于重大森林火灾的概念，对比了重大森林火灾的研究内容和主要研究方法。结果表明：现有重大森林火灾研究的规模和尺度都较小，主要集中于研究夏季森林大火的发生发展，较少研究较高海拔山地森林重大火灾发生的机制；未来研究应集成遥感与地理信息系统等大尺度方法，长期动态研究大、中规模重大森林火灾发生区域的植被、天气特征，深入研究景观层次的重大森林火灾火行为、火损失和火的长期影响，为重大森林火灾防控提供依据。

Research progress of major forest fires at home and abroad

Abstract: Bench-scale dynamic tube furnace experiment and middle-scale single burning item experiment within the current burning behavior classification framework were used as the smoke generation model, typical flame retardant and non-flame retardant materials were selected to carry out the experiments mentioned above, gas analysis technology such as FTIR was used to measure the gas composition data in real time, calculation model such as effective dose fraction (FED) was used to quantify the fire effluents toxicity. The results show that the FED1 of smoke generated from dynamic tubular furnace is about 4 - 17 times as much as the FED3max of smoke from the single burning item experiment , the FED values obtained from the single combustion experiment of flame-retardant materials are usually less than 0.15, while the FED values obtained from easily-flammable materials are as high as 0.65; Based on the bench-scale dynamic tubular furnace and the single burning item experiment as the smoke generation model, the toxic component calculation models FED1 and FED3 should be used to make a representative, effective and convenient evaluation of the smoke toxicity of materials in the non-flaming stage (oxidation pyrolysis) and the well ventilated flaming fire stage.