氢的大规模制备及在钢铁行业的应用和展望

中国钢铁产量占世界总产量的一半以上，随着全球“碳达峰”“碳中和”的推进，钢铁行业面临着巨大的低碳发展挑战。氢能被认为是一种低碳能源，“以氢代碳”是实现源头降碳和流程低碳转型的重要途径之一。重点介绍氢气基本性质、制备来源与碳排放的关系，探讨煤制氢、天然气制氢、甲醇制氢和电解水制氢4种主流大规模制氢路线的技术特性、发展现状、制备成本和发展方向，结合钢铁行业的用氢特点，对氢在氢冶金和燃料替代方面的应用前景进行分析展望，提出中国钢铁行业通过实施氢能利用逐步实现低碳转型的发展路径。

Large scale hydrogen production and its application and prospect in iron and steel industry

The steel production of China accounts for more than half of the world′s total output. With the promotion of global "carbon peak" and "carbon neutralization", the steel industry is facing huge challenges in low-carbon development. Hydrogen energy is considered as a kind of low-carbon energy. "Replacing carbon with hydrogen" is one of the important ways to realize carbon reduction at the source and transformation of low-carbon process. Basic properties of hydrogen and the relationship between the preparation source and carbon emissions is emphatically introduced. The technical characteristics, development status, preparation cost and development direction of four mainstream large-scale hydrogen production processes, hydrogen from coal, natural gas, methanol and water electrolysis are discussed. Combined with the hydrogen consumption characteristics of iron and steel industry, the application prospect of hydrogen in hydrogen metallurgy and fuel substitution is analyzed and prospected. The development path of iron and steel industry to gradually realize low-carbon transformation through the implementation of hydrogen energy utilization is put forward.