煤矿开采生态环境问题及治理对策

研究煤矿区能源开发生态环境问题及治理对策，为今后煤矿区环境恢复探索全新治理方法。采用遥感技术收集研究区域的地面塌陷、土壤侵蚀与污染、植被破坏、水体破坏等情况作为指标体系构建的依据，完成数据采集与指标体系构建，在此基础上确定各指标评价标准并计算隶属度函数，使用层次分析法确定各指标权重，此后构建模糊评价矩阵，实现煤矿区能源开发生态环境问题评价。以鄂尔多斯市某煤炭区为研究对象，验证分析发现，该研究区域煤矿资源开采后地面出现明显塌陷，土壤与水体均出现严重污染，植被覆盖率也显著降低。为此，提出遵守法规科学管理、协调煤炭价格实现费用支持、治理塌陷并保护自然资源等治理对策，为今后生态环境治理找到了新的出路。

Coal mining ecological environment problems and countermeasures

Study the ecological environment problems and governance countermeasures of energy development in coal mining areas,and explore new governance methods for environmental restoration in coal mining areas in the future.Using remote sensing technology to collect the ground subsidence,soil erosion and pollution vegetation damage,water damage and other conditions in the research area as the basis for the construction of the index system,completed the data collection and index system construction,on this basis,determined the evaluation standards of each index and calculate the membership degree function,used the AHP to determine the weight of each index,and then constructed a fuzzy evaluation matrix to realize the evaluation of the ecological and environmental problems of energy development in coal mining areas.Taking a coal area in Ordos City as the research object,the verification analysis found that the ground collapsed significantly after the mining of coal resources in the study area,the soil and water bodies were seriously polluted,and the vegetation coverage rate was also significantly reduced.In this regard,the paper puts forward some countermeasures, such as scientific management in compliance with laws and regulations,coordination of coal price to realize cost support,control of collapse and protection of natural resources,which find a new way for the future ecological environment governance.