超长海底隧道无竖井排烟及补风量优化研究

摘 要：超长海底隧道结构特殊，排烟补风成为制约超长海底隧道发展的关键因素。依托烟大海底隧道提出超长海底隧道无竖井排烟系统，并设计新型的海中无竖井排烟补风方案——采用离心式空气压缩机将火灾烟气高速加压后排到海水中，并通过压缩空气进行额外补风。采用FDS对不同排烟量和补风量下56组工况进行模拟，通过分析烟气层厚度、排烟效率和能见度，寻找最优的排烟补风方案。结果表明：排烟量在140~180，190~210 m3/s，补风量分别占排烟量的50%、70%时，系统排烟效果最优；其中，排烟量180 m3/s，补风量50%和排烟量200 m3/s，补风量70%情况下的排烟效果最优，且后者优于前者。实际工程应用中，可以考虑设计排烟量为200 m3/s，补风量为140 m3/s。

Optimization of smoke exhaust and air supply without shaft in ultra-long submarine tunnel

Abstract: With the global climate change, especially the obvious warming trend and the increase of human disturbance activities, the possibility of disastrous forest fires in the main distribution areas of the world's forests continues to increase. This paper introduces the concept of disastrous forest fires at home and abroad, and compares the research contents and main research methods of disastrous forest fires. The results show that the pattern and scale of existing disastrous forest fire research are small, mainly focusing on the occurrence and development of summer forest fires, and less research on the mechanism of major forest fires in higher altitude mountain forests. Future research should integrate remote sensing and geographic information system and other large-scale methods, focuses on long-term and dynamic study on the vegetation and weather characteristics of disastrous forest fires in large and mesoscale patterns. In-depth research should be carried out on the fire behavior, fire loss and long-term effects of disastrous forest fires, so as to provide the basis for forest fire prevention and control.