非常规油气藏体积压裂2.0工艺及发展建议

中国石油非常规油气藏水平井体积压裂改造技术经历了从无到有、从1.0向2.0的跨越式发展历程。体积压裂2.0工艺以“段内多簇+小簇间距+限流射孔+暂堵转向+大排量泵注+高强度加砂+石英砂替代陶粒+滑溜水连续加砂”为核心，有力推动了非常规油气资源提产、提效、降本。缩短簇间距是非常规油气藏提高产量和采出程度的核心，段内多簇+限流射孔+暂堵转向组合工艺是高效低成本改造的关键，大规模注液增能结合密切割布缝为石英砂替代陶粒创造了条件，多簇射孔大排量施工破解了低黏滑溜水连续加砂难题。体积压裂2.0工艺在中国石油非常规油气藏应用中取得了良好成效。结合中国石油“十四五”规划对水平井体积改造技术的需求，提出5个方面发展建议：（1）强化非常规储层改造基础研究，支撑新技术体系构建；（2）提升工艺核心参数的科学性和经济性，扩大工艺应用规模；（3）推进水平井立体开发技术实践，拓展新技术应用领域；（4）推进低成本材料规模应用，支撑体积压裂2.0工艺规模实施；（5）加大裂缝监测新技术研发应用，深化新工艺改造裂缝认识。

Volumetric Fracturing 2.0 Process for Unconventional Oil and Gas Reservoirs and R&D Suggestions

PetroChina’s renovation technology for horizontal well volumetric fracturing of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs started from scratch and experienced from 1.0 version to 2.0 version. The volumetric fracturing 2.0 process focuses on “multiple clusters + small cluster spacing + current-limiting perforation + temporary blocking and steering + large pumping capacity + high-strength sand-injection + quartz sand replacing ceramic grain + using slickwater for continuous sand-injection”. This process effectively boost production and efficiency and reduced cost for development of unconventional oil and gas resources. Shortening of cluster spacing holds the key to improve production and producing degree of unconventional oil and gas resources. The process of the “multiple clusters + small cluster spacing + current-limiting perforation + temporary blocking and steering” assembly is critical to high-efficiency and cost-effective renovation. Large injection capacity with cutting and distribution of fractures creates the conditions for quartz sand to replace ceramic grains. Multiple clusters perforation and large replacement operation solve the bottlenecks of using low-viscosity slickwater for continuous sand-injection. The volumetric fracturing 2.0 process has a good performance in PetroChina’s development of unconventional oil and gas resources. Based on the demand for horizontal well volumetric fracturing technology in PetroChina’s “14th Five-year Plan”, this paper comes up with the suggestions in five areas: (1) stepping up the basic research on renovation of unconventional reservoirs to support construction of the new technological system, (2) improving the scientific and economical properties of the critical parameters from the process to expand application of the process, (3) enhancing application of horizontal well stereo development technology to expand the new technological application areas, (4) enlarging application of cost-effective materials to carry out the volumetric fracturing 2.0 process operation on a large scale, and (5) promoting research and application of new fracture-monitoring technology to improve the new process for fractural renovation.