考虑火灾风险的传统村落消防供水安全指数研究

传统村落是具有极高保护价值的建筑文化资源，但火灾事故频发，消防安全问题十分严峻，研究其火灾风险对传统村落保护具有重要现实意义。目前研究大多只考虑了建筑布局、耐火等级及用电安全等因素，很少注意到消防供水安全。提出传统村落消防供水安全指数评估方法，采用ISO法（美国联邦保险事务所的消防流量计算方法）计算火灾时单体建筑的消防需水量，通过构建管网水力模型评估消火栓消防供水能力，最后计算消防供水安全指数并提出建议。将所提方法用于云南传统村落，结果表明：针对传统村落，简单依据城镇人口数确定消防流量会导致管网消防供水能力严重不足。管网设计时，应充分利用当地水力条件，结合当地火灾资料，考虑灭火用水量及保证率、建筑类型等多种因素进行综合分析确定。传统村落应尽量减少木瓦屋顶的使用。

Study on fire water supply safety index of traditional villages considering fire risk

Traditional villages are architectural and cultural resources with high protection value, but fire accidents occur frequently and the problem of fire safety is very serious. Research of fire risk has important practical significance for the protection of traditional villages. Most of the studies considered the factors such as building layout, fire resistance class and electricity safety, and paid little attention to the safety of fire water supply. The traditional village fire risk assessment method based on the fire water supply safety index is proposed. The ISO (Insurance Services Office) method is used to calculate the fire water demand of single buildings in case of fire. The fire water supply capacity of fire hydrants is evaluated by constructing the hydraulic model of pipe network. Finally, the fire water supply safety index is calculated and some suggestions are put forward. The proposed method is applied to traditional villages in Yunnan. The results show that for traditional villages, determining the fire flow simply according to the number of population will lead to serious shortage of fire water supply capacity of pipe network. In the design of pipe network, the local hydraulic conditions shall be fully considered, combined with the local fire data, fire extinguishing water consumption and assurance rate, building type and other factors shall be analyzed comprehensively. Traditional villages should minimize the use of wooden tile roofs.