毛巾对室内火灾烟气的防护效果及机理

摘 要：为研究不同毛巾对室内火灾烟气的防护过滤效果及防护机理，自行设计并搭建了热分解产烟防护测试平台，选取室内装修装饰用量较多的PVC材料作为产烟材料，选用市面上常见的纯棉、纱布和超细纤维3种材质毛巾，分别研究了干湿两种状态下，不同毛巾对PVC火灾烟气的防护过滤效果，并结合烟气过滤前后毛巾表面形貌，分析了干湿毛巾对室内火灾烟气的防护过滤机理。结果表明：3种毛巾对PVC材料火灾烟气均具有一定的防护过滤效果；无论是干态还是湿态下，3种毛巾对烟气防护过滤效果的优劣程度排序均为纯棉毛巾＞纱布毛巾＞超细纤维毛巾；湿毛巾对CO、NOx、HCl气体的防护过滤效果好于干毛巾；湿毛巾较于干毛巾对CO气体和HCl气体的防护过滤效果得到极大提升，对HCl气体的防护过滤效果提升了近1倍。

Protective effect of towels on indoor fire smoke and its mechanism

Abstract: In order to study the effect of blocking on the fire extinguishing efficiency of liquid nitrogen in utility tunnel, this paper carried out an experimental study on the effect of blocking state on the fire extinguishing efficiency of liquid nitrogen. The research shows that the oxygen barrier suffocation of liquid nitrogen plays a dominant role, and the existence of blockage accelerates the suffocation process, thereby improving the liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing efficiency of the utility tunnel. The effect of lower blocking on nitrogen injection fire extinguishing is stronger than that of upper blocking, and the fire extinguishing efficiency is increased by 50.7% and 30.4% respectively compared with no blocking. The closer the fire blocking is to the fire source, the greater the blocking rate, and the more significant the promotion effect of liquid nitrogen oxygen isolation and asphyxiation. When the fire blocking is far away from the fire source, the fire extinguishing efficiency is 35.2% lower than that when the distance is short; the fire extinguishing efficiency with a blocking rate of 75% is up to 44.4% higher than that of 25%. Therefore, selecting reasonable blocking measures and optimizing sealing methods can maximize the effect of liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing.