固定床渣油加氢装置长周期运行的技术措施探索与实践

影响固定床渣油加氢装置长周期运行的因素有其复杂性、系统性、规律性。不同类型原料的固定床渣油加氢反应特性不同，硫含量较低、氮含量较高的渣油原料的残炭前身物加氢反应与硫含量较高、氮含量较低的渣油原料相比相对较困难；原料中的Fe和Ca含量、工艺条件、反应物流分配及原料中减压渣油的比例也会影响固定床渣油加氢装置的运行周期。为了实现较长的运行周期，所采取的技术措施包括：开发与原料相适应的催化剂及催化剂级配技术；采用高效分配器；提高装置氢分压及增设反应器降低空速；开发保护反应器的相关技术；根据炼油厂类型及固定床渣油加氢装置配置具体情况选择合适的减压渣油掺入比例。

EXPLORATION AND PRACTICE OF TECHNICAL MEASURES FOR LONG-TERM OPERATION OF FIXED-BED RESIDUAE HYDROTREATING UNIT

The hydrogenation reaction characteristics of different types of raw residue are different. Compared with the residue with high sulfur content and low nitrogen content, the residual carbon precursor hydrogenation reaction of residue with low sulfur content and high nitrogen content is relatively difficult. The content of iron and calcium in feedstock, process conditions, reaction material distribution and the proportion of vacuum residue in feedstock affect the operation time of fixed-bed residue hydrotreating unit. In order to achieve a long operation cycle, the technical measures can be adopted as follows: Developing catalyst and catalyst grading technology suitable for different feedstocks, adopting high-efficiency distributor, increasing the hydrogen partial pressure of the unit and adding a reactor to reduce the volume space velocity, developing technologies related to guard reactors, selecting the appropriate proportion of vacuum residue according to the specific conditions of each plant and unit.