提高加工中心换刀效率的方法研究

通过对自动换刀装置(ATC)控制方式及其控制流程的分析,加工中心换刀效率取决于ATC系统的结构及其控制方式。小型盘式刀座固定编码的无换刀机械手换刀控制方式设计简单、ATC装置成本低,但换刀效率低。带换刀机械手的ATC系统,可采取随机存取换刀控制方式,实现边选刀边加工,显著提高了换刀效率,从而提高了加工效率,但ATC系统结构复杂、成本高,控制设计复杂,适合大容量的ATC系统。在同一刀库中,实现大小刀径刀具交换是提高生产效率的一种有效途径,且其控制功能可在各种ATC系统中实现,其设计关键是依据刀径大小对刀具进行分区管理,从而实现大小刀径在同一刀库中交换的功能。文中所给出的各种控制方式的实现方法与控制流程基于工程实践与应用,对提高加工中心换刀效率的设计与研究具有指导价值。

Methods Research on Improving Efficiency about Tools Exchange in Machining Center

By analyzing the ATC control mode and process in machining center,the author has found that the structure and control mode of ATC are the main factors for affecting tools exchange efficiency. Although the control mode is sim- ple and cheap for design and actualization of which the tool-seats code is fixed in circular mini -type magazine without mechanical manipulator, the tools exchange efficiency is low. The ATC with mechanical manipulator can markedly improves the tools exchange efficiency, because the ATC performs tools exchange in random access, and the machining center can simultaneously accomplish the tools selection and machilaing, so as to improving the efficiency for tools exchange and production, it adapts to the big capacity magazines. But the ATC structure and design is complicated and expensive. It is a very effective approach for improving tools exchange efficiency that bigger tool and smaller tool exchanges in a same magazine, and this method can apply to the all kinds of ATC, the key port is that bigger tools and smaller tools are managed in different zones. The realization principium and control flow which is depicted in this paper are based on engineering practice and applica- tion, and it is very valuable for improving the tools exchange efficiency in the design and research of ATC.