Round-trip driving effects on driving performances and mental workload under different traffic rules |
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| Affiliation: | 1. College of Management and Design, Ming Chi University of Technology, Taiwan;2. School of Design, South China University of Technology, China;3. Department of Information Management, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Taiwan;1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China;2. School of Art, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China;1. Department of Psychology, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China;2. Department of Psychology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China;3. Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Children''s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children''s Health, Beijing, 100101, China;4. Department of Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi''an, 710032, China;1. School of Mechanics, Civil Engineering and Architecture, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi''an, 710129, China;2. Xi''an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi''an, 710129, China;3. Aviation Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Life-Support Technology, AVIC Aerospace Lifesaving Equipment Co., Ltd., Xiangyang, 441000, China |
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| Abstract: | This study investigates the effect of switching between different traffic rules (left-versus right-hand traffic) on driving performance and mental workload. A driving simulation environment was developed according to the real environment. Two urban roads with different traffic systems were simulated. Twenty participants executed intersection turns and continuous car-following behavior in four simulated driving stages, including driving with familiar, unfamiliar, second time unfamiliar, and back to familiar traffic rules. The mean and standard deviations for speed, distance headway, and the standard deviation of lateral position were recorded as driving performance. Mental workload was determined using the NASA-TLX and Rating Scale Mental Effort questionnaires. One-way analysis of variance was used to evaluate the differences between the four driving stages using subjective and objective measures. The results showed that significant differences were obtained in all measures when driving in the four driving situations, except for the speed standard deviation. The car-following behavior was the most unsafe (significantly larger standard deviations for distance headway and mental workload) when driving in unfamiliar road traffic compared with the other stages. When driving under unfamiliar traffic rules for the second time, the mental workload was significantly relieved and the lane-keeping ability significantly improved. The results indicated that providing an adaptive runway for drivers to familiarize themselves with different traffic rules is necessary to improve driving performance and safety. These findings provide useful information for designing bridges linking two places with different traffic rules to increase traffic safety. |
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| Keywords: | Left-hand traffic Right-hand traffic Driving safety Car-following Driving speed |
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