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红紫芽熟茶适制性及渥堆发酵过程品质变化研究
引用本文:赵苗苗,严 亮,张文杰,赵 明,李若愚,张正勇,刘学云,郑婷婷,杨瑞娟,刘 聪,刘 丽,彭文书,吕才有. 红紫芽熟茶适制性及渥堆发酵过程品质变化研究[J]. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2022, 13(19): 6212-6220
作者姓名:赵苗苗  严 亮  张文杰  赵 明  李若愚  张正勇  刘学云  郑婷婷  杨瑞娟  刘 聪  刘 丽  彭文书  吕才有
作者单位:滇西应用技术大学普洱茶学院,滇西应用技术大学普洱茶学院,滇西应用技术大学普洱茶学院,云南农业大学食品科学技术学院,云南农业大学食品科学技术学院,云南景谷白龙茶业股份有限公司,云南景谷白龙茶业股份有限公司,云南农业大学食品科学技术学院,滇西应用技术大学普洱茶学院,滇西应用技术大学普洱茶学院,滇西应用技术大学普洱茶学院,云南农业大学茶学院
基金项目:国家现代农业产业技术体系资助(CARS-19)、云南省重点项目云南绿色食品国际合作研究中心项目(2019ZG00909-02)、滇西应用技术大学茶产品创新与资源综合利用科技创新团队
摘    要:目的 研究大叶种特异性品种红紫芽熟茶适制性及渥堆发酵过程中品质变化规律。方法 以红紫芽晒青茶为原料,分别以气相色谱-质谱法(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, GC-MS)、电子鼻、色差分析结合感官审评方法研究红紫芽熟茶适制性及渥堆发酵过程中品质变化。结果 红紫芽晒青茶共鉴定6大类28种香气物质,红紫芽出堆样共鉴定出9大类46种香气物质, Loading结果表明, 10个传感器中就有5个传感器(R8、R6、R10、R7和R9)对茶叶香气的响应明显,对区分贡献率最大,香气分析结果表明红紫芽叶制成熟茶香气物质丰富。随着翻堆序数增加, L~*和?L值总体呈下降趋势, a~*和?a值总体呈增加趋势b~*及?b值随着翻堆序数增加呈先增加后下降趋势,表明随着发酵进行,茶汤明亮度降低,茶汤变红变深,这与感官评价结果一致。随着渥堆序数增加,总儿茶素、茶多酚及氨基酸含量呈递减趋势,出堆样氨基酸、茶多酚含量低于晒青原料(P<0.05),水浸出物含量高于晒青原料(P<0.05),每一次翻堆样咖啡碱的含量变化幅度也不大(P>0.05)。感官审评结果表明...

关 键 词:红紫芽  普洱茶  渥堆发酵  气相色谱-质谱法  电子鼻
收稿时间:2022-06-04
修稿时间:2022-09-22

Study on the suitability of purple bud post-fermented Pu-erh tea and quality changes during the fermentation process
ZHAO Miao-Miao,YAN Liang,ZHANG Wen-Jie,ZHAO Ming,LI Ruo-Yu,ZHANG Zheng-Yong,LIU Xue-Yun,ZHENG Ting-Ting,YANG Rui-Juan,LIU Cong,LIU Li,PENG Wen-Shu,LV Cai-You. Study on the suitability of purple bud post-fermented Pu-erh tea and quality changes during the fermentation process[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2022, 13(19): 6212-6220
Authors:ZHAO Miao-Miao  YAN Liang  ZHANG Wen-Jie  ZHAO Ming  LI Ruo-Yu  ZHANG Zheng-Yong  LIU Xue-Yun  ZHENG Ting-Ting  YANG Rui-Juan  LIU Cong  LIU Li  PENG Wen-Shu  LV Cai-You
Abstract:Objective To study the suitability of purple bud post-fermented Pu-erh tea of large-leaved specific varieties and the pattern of quality changes during the fermentation process. Methods Using purple bud sun-dried green tea as raw material, the quality changes in the pile-fermentation process of purple bud post-fermented Pu-erh tea were studied by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), electronic nose, color difference analysis combined with the sensory evaluation method. Results A total of 28 aroma substances in 6 categories were identified in the purple bud sun-dried green tea and 46 kinds of aroma substances in 9 categories were identified in the out-of-pile samples of purple buds, and the Loading analysis showed that 5 out of 10 sensors (R8, R6, R10, R7 and R9) responded significantly to the aroma of tea leaves and contributed the most to the differentiation, indicating that the aroma substances in post-fermented Pu-erh tea made from purple buds were abundant. With the increase of the fermentation sequence, the values of L* and ?L showed an overall decreasing trend, a* and ?a showed an overall increasing trend, b* and ?b increased and then decreased with the increase of the fermentation sequence, indicating that as the fermentation progresses, the brightness of the tea soup decreased and the tea soup became redder and darker, which was consistent with the sensory evaluation. The content of total catechins, tea polyphenols and amino acids tended to decrease with the process of pile-fermentation and the content of amino acids and tea polyphenols in the out-of-pile samples was lower than that of sun-dried raw materials (P<0.05), while the content of water extract was higher than that of sun-dried raw materials (P<0.05), and the variation in caffeine content of each turned sample was also not significant (P>0.05). The results of the sensory evaluation showed that the soup color of the purple buds from the pile was brown-red and bright, the aroma was aging, woody and sweet, and the taste was sweet mellow and smooth. Conclusion The aroma of the purple bud post-fermented Pu-erh tea is rich and the quality characteristics conforms to the national standard for Pu-erh tea, that is, the purple bud tea was suitable for post-fermented Pu-erh tea.
Keywords:purple bud tea   gas chromatography-mass spectrometry   electronic nose   post-fermented Pu-erh tea   pile-fermentation   high performance liquid chromatography
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