Particle Size,Surface Coating,and PEGylation Influence the Biodistribution of Quantum Dots in Living Mice |
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| Authors: | Meike L. Schipper Gopal Iyer Ai Leen Koh Zhen Cheng Yuval Ebenstein Assaf Aharoni Shay Keren Laurent A. Bentolila Jianquing Li Jianghong Rao Xiaoyuan Chen Uri Banin Anna M. Wu Robert Sinclair Shimon Weiss Sanjiv S. Gambhir |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) Departments of Radiology and Bioengineering, Bio‐X Program Stanford University 318 Campus Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94305‐5427 (USA);2. California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI) and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry UCLA School of Medicine Los Angeles, CA 90005‐1770 (USA);3. Stanford Nanocharacterization Laboratory Department of Materials Science and Engineering Stanford University Palo Alto, CA 94305‐5427 (USA);4. Department of Physical Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Givat Ram, Jerusalem (Israel);5. Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging and Department of Molecular & Medical Pharmacology UCLA School of Medicine Los Angeles, CA 90005‐1770 (USA) |
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| Abstract: | This study evaluates the influence of particle size, PEGylation, and surface coating on the quantitative biodistribution of near‐infrared‐emitting quantum dots (QDs) in mice. Polymer‐ or peptide‐coated 64Cu‐labeled QDs 2 or 12 nm in diameter, with or without polyethylene glycol (PEG) of molecular weight 2000, are studied by serial micropositron emission tomography imaging and region‐of‐interest analysis, as well as transmission electron microscopy and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. PEGylation and peptide coating slow QD uptake into the organs of the reticuloendothelial system (RES), liver and spleen, by a factor of 6–9 and 2–3, respectively. Small particles are in part renally excreted. Peptide‐coated particles are cleared from liver faster than physical decay alone would suggest. Renal excretion of small QDs and slowing of RES clearance by PEGylation or peptide surface coating are encouraging steps toward the use of modified QDs for imaging living subjects. |
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| Keywords: | biodistribution imaging nanoparticles quantum dots tomography |
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