纺织品的阻燃及多功能化研究进展

普通的纺织品大都较为易燃,为防止其被引燃导致火灾事故,对其阻燃化处理是有效的措施。差别化和多功能化是纺织品主流发展趋势,既保持固有优良特性又可阻燃的多功能纺织产品有很大的市场需求,但因该产品技术难度大而少有开发。如何因“材”制宜地设计阻燃多功能单体与助剂,使多种功能间相互协调、相互促进,再以高效的技术手段将之引入纺织品中,是发展阻燃多功能纺织品的关键。为此,以本文作者团队近年来的纺织品阻燃及多功能化相关工作为例,探讨了纺织品多种功能与其固有特性之间相互协调促进的思路。主要阐述了本体及表面阻燃多功能化技术,包括共聚引入功能结构单元的阻燃抗熔滴多功能聚酯及表面阻燃和抗菌、疏水、疏油、耐腐蚀的棉、粘胶及涤/棉混纺等织物。此外,针对目前该领域面临的挑战,介绍了前期已开展的相关研究和提出的阻燃功能化思路,期望能为发展高品质多功能纺织品提供借鉴与启发。

Research progress on flame-retardation and multi-functionalization of textiles

Most textiles are highly flammable and often bring fire hazards.It is thus of great significance for improving flame retardancy of fabrics.Differentiation and functionalization of fabrics have become the mainstreams in both academic and industrial communities.However,flame-retardant multifunctional fabrics with well-balanced performance(e.g.,softness,air permeability,comfort,and drape)have been rarely reported.Designing of functional monomers and additives with coordinated functions and then incorporating them into the fabric system via efficient technologies can be the keys to obtaining flame-retardant multifunctional fabrics.This paper presents work focusing on flame-retardant multifunctional fabrics.Some approaches towards coordination and cooperation among the multiple functions of the fabrics were discussed,and intrinsically flame-retardant and anti-dripping multifunctional polyester were introduced.Flame-retardant antibacterial,anti-corrosion,and water/oil-proof cotton and viscose fabrics,and polyester/cotton blend fabrics via surface treatments were highlighted.In addition,a brief prospect on the opportunities and challenges of the fields was provided,aiming for guiding the development of high-quality flame-retardant multifunctional fabrics.