In-orbit performance of a helium dewar for the soft X-ray spectrometer onboard ASTRO-H |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd., 5-2 Soubiraki-cho, Niihama, Ehime 792-8588, Japan;2. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, JAXA, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan;3. Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan;4. Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan;5. Aerospace Research and Development Directorate, JAXA, 2-1-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan;6. Nishina Center, RIKEN, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan;7. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA;1. Madanapalle Institute of Technology & Science, Madanapalle, India;2. JNTUA College of Engineering, Ananthapuramu, India;1. Northern India Engineering College, Shastri Park, New Delhi 110053, India2b;2. Maharaja Agrasen Institute of Technology, Rohini, Delhi 110085, India;1. Department of Mechanical Engineering , S.R.K.R.Engineering College, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, 534204, India;2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Malla Reddy Engineering College, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500100, India;1. Department of Mechanical Engineering,SSN College Of Engineering, Chennai 603110, India;2. Department of Industrial Engineering, Anna University, Chennai 600025, India;1. Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttrakhand 247667, India;2. School of Mechanical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751013, India |
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| Abstract: | ASTRO-H was an X-ray astronomy satellite that the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) developed to study the evolution of the universe and physical phenomena yet to be discovered. The primary scientific instrument of ASTRO-H was the Soft X-ray Spectrometer (SXS). Its detectors were to be cooled to 50 m K using a complex cryogenic system with a multistage adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator (ADR) developed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and a cryogenic system developed by Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd. (SHI). SHI’s cryogenic system was required to cool the ADR’s heatsink to 1.3 K or less in orbit for three years or longer. To meet these requirements, SHI developed a hybrid cryogenic system consisting of a liquid helium tank, a 4 K Joule-Thomson cooler, and two two-stage Stirling coolers.ASTRO-H was launched from Tanegashima Space Center on February 17, 2016. The initial operation of the SXS cryogenic system in orbit was completed successfully. The cooling performance was as expected and could have exceeded the lifetime requirement of three years.This paper describes results of ground tests, results of top-off filling of superfluid liquid helium just before launch, and cooling performance in orbit. |
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| Keywords: | Space cryogenics Cooling system Joule-Thomson cooler Stirling cooler ASTRO-H |
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