Degradation of pararosaniline (C.I. Basic Red 9 monohydrochloride) dye by ozonation and sonolysis |
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| Affiliation: | 1. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Nanshan District Key Laboratory for Biopolymers and Safety Evaluation, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China;2. Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China;3. School of Chemistry, Shoolini University, Solan 173212, Himachal Pradesh, India;4. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Bld.#5, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia;5. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China;1. Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China;2. College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;3. Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry, and Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada |
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| Abstract: | Pararosaniline (C.I. Basic Red 9) is an important dye used in biological and chemical assays, suspected of being carcinogenic. Thus, the environmental and occupational issues related to it are very important. This study aims at investigating the chemical oxidation of pararosaniline dye by ozonation and sonolytic processes. Experimental results indicate that ozonation of pararosaniline solution is more efficient than ultrasonic irradiation alone or in combination with O3. The detoxification was assessed by determining acute toxicity and mutagenicity of the ozonized dye solutions. Even for short-term ozonation (15 min) any mutagenic effect was verified although longer treatment periods (120 min) are necessary to obtain high toxicity removal. The results obtained indicate that ozonation is a powerful tool for the treatment of the pararosaniline wastes, even when compared to other advanced oxidation processes as photocatalytic and hydrogen peroxide dye degradation. The kinetics of different pararosaniline degradation techniques are also discussed such an understanding is necessary for the design and application of pararosaniline treatment processes. |
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