理工科院校通识教育困境的思考及教学模式探索

通识教育作为素质教育有效实现方式,具有鲜明的价值观塑造及复合型人才培养特色。通识教育贯穿于整个大学教育的全过程,以立德树人为根本,着重培养学生的人文修养、道德情操、社会责任等综合素质。理工科院校在推进通识教学的过程中面临着一系列问题,主要体现在课程教学管理体制、顶层设计、师资队伍建设、通识与专业教育矛盾、教学方法等方面。通识教育重"育"而非"教",文章以土木工程专业通识课地铁文化漫谈为例,探索了理工科院校通识课程教学模式,构建了以"研、论、践、训、核"为主线的课程教学体系,达到通识育人目的。理工科院校通识教育应结合自身学科特色,发挥资源优势,构建"以学生为中心"通专融合的通识课程体系,将育人理念贯穿于课程教学全过程。同时,通识课程建设需借助"互联网+"技术及大数据管理,实现课程教学全过程的育人目的。

Thinking of teaching dilemma and exploration of teaching modes of general education in science and engineering colleges

General education is an effective way to realize quality-oriented education, with distinctive characteristics of value shaping and compound talents training. General education runs through the whole process of university education. It cultivates students'' comprehensive qualities such as humanistic cultivation, moral sentiment and social responsibility by virtue of moral cultivation. In the process of promoting general education, science and engineering universities face with a series of problems, which are mainly reflected in the course teaching management system, top-level design, teacher staff construction, contradiction between general education and professional education, teaching methods, and so on. General education focuses on "education" rather than "teaching". Taking the general education course for civil engineering-subway culture ramble as an example, the teaching mode of general education courses in science and engineering colleges are explored, and the teaching system with "research", "discussion", "practice", "training" and "verification" is built, so as to achieve the purpose of general education. The general education of science and engineering colleges should build a "student-centered" curriculum system with integration of general education and professional education, based on their subject characteristics and resource advantages, and the concept of education should be integrated into the whole process of course teaching. At the same time, the construction of general education courses needs the help of "internet +" technology and big data management to achieve the purpose of educating students.