直接乙醇燃料电池的研究现状及前景

以纯氢为燃料的质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)已日趋成熟,直接甲醇燃料电池(DMFC)的研究比较活跃,鉴于氢存储较难且甲醇有毒,人们试图开发采用来源丰富、毒性低、可再生的燃料如乙醇的燃料电池。综述了乙醇在Pt上氧化的电催化机理,直接乙醇燃料电池(DEFC)的阳极电催化剂,电解质膜及其改性,电池性能及其影响因素,并对分别采用纯氢、甲醇和乙醇作为燃料的PEMFC、DMFC和DEFC三种燃料电池进行了对比,阳极电催化剂和电解质膜的研究改进是今后DEFC的工作重点。

State-of-the-art and prospect of direct ethanol fuel cell

The research on PEMFC adopting pure hydrogen had been developing all the time and also the DMFC was paid much attention to. However, hydrogen storage is not easy and methanol is poisonous. People tried to develop fuel cells which could utilize abundant, low poisonous and regenerative fuels just like ethanol. The mechanism for electrocatalytic oxidation of ethanol on platinum,anode electrocatalysts for DEFC,electrolyte membranes and their improvements,the fuel cell performances and their influence factors were reviewed. The characteristics of three types of fuel cells(PEMFC?DMFC and DEFC)which adopted pure hydrogen,methanol and ethanol respectively as fuels were compared. Future work should be focused on the improvement of anode electrocatalysts and electrolyte membranes.