表层吸收补偿技术在塔里木盆地沙漠区的应用

塔里木盆地沙漠地表对地震信号的吸收衰减导致地震波的能量减弱、分辨率降低；沙漠表层介质的空间变化大，吸收衰减引起地震子波能量和相位的空间变化，如果该变化远大于储层信息的空间变化，会造成储层预测失败。表层吸收补偿技术是一种基于确定性近地表模型的定量分析及衰减补偿技术，通过地震记录的折射波主频转换得到相对衰减系数R值，由谱比法求取表层相对Q值，并利用稳定的吸收补偿算法对表层吸收衰减进行地震波补偿，能合理拓宽地震信号的有效频带并提高地震数据的分辨率和信噪比，同时有效解决近地表空变吸收问题。

Surface attenuation compensation applied in desert area of the Tarim Basin

The energy and resolution of seismic wave reduced because of desert surface attenuation. The spatial variation of desert surface media is large, for which the attenuation causes the spatial variation of the energy and phase of seismic wavelet. If the change is much larger than reservoir information change, reservoir prediction will be failed. The surface attenuation compensation technique is a quantitative analysis method based on the near surface model. The relative attenuation coefficient R is obtained by the frequency conversion of seismic wave. The relative Q value of the surface is obtained by the spectral ratio method. The stable attenuation compensation algorithm is used to compensate seismic data, which can effectively widen the effective frequency band of seismic signal and improve the resolution and S/N, and effectively solve the problem of near surface airborne absorption.