三种山药药理活性成分及其矿物元素分析

为比较不同种类山药的活性成分,本项研究选取三个市售山药品种进行分析检测。分别测定了乡山野淮、铁棍山药、参薯三种山药中的总皂苷含量和总多糖含量,并利用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法（ICP-OES）对这三种山药中的9种矿物元素进行了测定。测量结果显示,山药总皂苷含量在0.01%⁰.05%之间,由高到低依次为乡山野淮、铁棍山药、参薯;总多糖含量在1.14%³.82%之间,由高到低依次为参薯、铁棍山药、乡山野淮。铁棍山药的硒含量为205.0μg/kg,参薯和乡山野淮的锌元素含量为3.9 mg/kg和4.1 mg/kg,均高于全国代表值。综合比较可得,乡山野淮皂苷含量高,参薯多糖含量高,而铁棍山药综合了二者的优点且微量元素尤其是硒丰富,品质优异突出。由此可以根据不同目的进行开发利用。 

Active components and mineral elements analysis of three kinds of Chinese yam

To investigate the active component of different yam varieties, three commercially available yam varieties were collected and used in this research.The total polysaccharide and saponins were analyzed. ICP-OES was used to determine the mineral element in these three yam varieties.The results showed that the total saponins were ranging from 0.01% to 0.05%, in an ascending order as Dioscorea fordii, Dioscorea opposita, Dioscorea alata. And their total polysaccharide was ranging from1.14% to 3.82%, respectively, in a descending order. Content of mineral elements in these three yam varieties was different.Especially, Dioscorea opposita was rich in selenium ( 205.0 μg/kg) , while Dioscorea fordii and Dioscorea opposita were rich in zinc, which were 3.9 mg/kg and 4.1 mg/kg, and this content was higher than national average. Therefore, Dioscorea fordii was rich in saponins, while Diosocorea alata was rich in polysaccharide. And Dioscorea opposita was rich in both saponins and polysaccharide as well as mineral elements, especially in selenium. According to this result, they can be used for different purpose.