LPDQ: A self-scheduled TDMA MAC protocol for one-hop dynamic low-power wireless networks |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Internet Interdisciplinary Institute, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, C/ Roc Boronat 117, 08018 Barcelona, Spain;2. M2M Department, Centre Tecnològic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya, Av. Carl Friedrich Gauss 7, 08860 Castelldefels, Spain;3. Signal Theory and Communications Department, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Av. Esteve Terradas 7, C4-204, 08860 Castelldefels, Spain;4. Berkeley Sensors and Actuators Center, University of California Berkeley, 403 Cory Hall #1774, 94720 Berkeley, United States;1. Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA;2. U.S. Department of the Air Force, Roy, UT 84067, UT 84067, USA;3. Woodward, Inc., Fort Collins, CO 80525, USA;1. Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. Da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy;2. Machine Cognition Lab, Higher Institute of Information Technologies and Information Systems Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia;3. Università degli Studi di Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy;1. Vivekanandha College of Engineering for Women, Namakkal 637205, Tamil Nadu, India;2. S.K.P. Engineering College, Thiruvannamalai 606611, Tamil Nadu, India;3. Angel College of Engineering and Technology, Tirupur 641665, Tamil Nadu, India;1. Department of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, University of Aveiro, Portugal;2. Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Portugal;3. Instituto de Engenharia Electrónica e Telemática de Aveiro, Portugal;4. Instituto de Telecomunicações, Aveiro, Portugal;1. Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, USA;2. University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA |
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| Abstract: | Current Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols for data collection scenarios with a large number of nodes that generate bursty traffic are based on Low-Power Listening (LPL) for network synchronization and Frame Slotted ALOHA (FSA) as the channel access mechanism. However, FSA has an efficiency bounded to 36.8% due to contention effects, which reduces packet throughput and increases energy consumption. In this paper, we target such scenarios by presenting Low-Power Distributed Queuing (LPDQ), a highly efficient and low-power MAC protocol. LPDQ is able to self-schedule data transmissions, acting as a FSA MAC under light traffic and seamlessly converging to a Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) MAC under congestion. The paper presents the design principles and the implementation details of LPDQ using low-power commercial radio transceivers. Experiments demonstrate an efficiency close to 99% that is independent of the number of nodes and is fair in terms of resource allocation. |
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| Keywords: | Internet of Things Machine-to-Machine communications Medium Access Control Frame Slotted ALOHA Distributed Queuing |
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