重金属的超临界络合萃取动力学

引　言超临界ＣＯ2 络合萃取是去除重金属的一种清洁高效的方法 .其原理是利用络合剂与带电的离子通过配位键生成电中性的、弱极性的、稳定的、易溶于超临界ＣＯ2 的络合物 ,从而可被超临界ＣＯ2萃取[1] .该技术具有萃取速度快、萃取率高、萃取温度较低、生物兼容性好和无毒、无污染等优点 .近年来 ,对土壤、河床污泥以及从模拟的滤纸和砂土上萃取金属离子的研究 ,国外已有大量报道[2 ] ,但从真实体系中萃取痕量重金属的报道则很少[3] .中药以其丰富的资源、独特的疗效、毒副作用小等优点已引起了世界各国的关注 .然而 ,由于环境污染、炮制…

KINETICS OF CHELATING EXTRACTION OF HEAVY METALS BY SUPERCRITICAL CO2

The kinetics of supercritical chelating extraction of heavy metal from a Chinese traditional medicine material was investigated.The extraction efficiencies of the heavy metals increased rapidly within the first 15min extraction at 40℃ and 20.0MPa by CO ₂ modified with 5% ethanol solution containing 1% diethylammonium diethyldithiocarbamate as chelating reagent.Then, the extraction efficiencies increased slowly with time while that of Pb leveled off.The results indicated that the contents of trace heavy metals in the sample had major effects on the extraction rates when the chelating reagent was excessive.The chelating reaction is the rate-controlling step.The extraction of trace heavy metals from the Chinese traditional medicine material is controlled by a pseudo-first-order chelating reaction.