电动自行车用电池和燃料电池现状

摘要：比较了电动自行车用各种电池的主要优缺点；指出了这些电池的技术现状，存在问题和发展方向。阀控式铅蓄电池仍是电动自行车的主要电源。MH-Ni电池的质量比能量优于阀控式铅蓄电池，但它的价格高于后者，而低于锂离子电池。MH-Ni电池将占电动自行车的一部分市场。锂离子电池、锌镍电池和锌空气电池的综合指标不如阀控式铅蓄电池和MH-Ni电池优良。目前，氢空气燃料电池和直接甲醇燃料电池还不可能用于电动自行车。

Status of batteries and fuel cells for electric bicycle

The main advantages and disadvantages of different kinds of electric bicycle batteries were compared. The technical status, existing problems and developing trends were also indicated. The VRLA battery was the basic power source for electric bicycle applications. The specific energy of Ni-MH battery was superior to that of VRLA battery, but the price of Ni-MH was higher than that of VRLA battery and lower than that of lithium ion battery. The Ni-MH battery will occupy a part of markets of electric bicycle batteries. The comprehensive performances of lithium ion battery, nickel zinc battery and zinc-air battery were not good as that of VRLA battery and Ni-MH battery. Currently hydrogen-air fuel cells and direct methanol fuel cells are not ready for electric bicycle application.