生态河流动力学研究的进展与挑战

水利工程的建设和运行将导致水沙发生变化、河床发生演变。这些变化还引起了河流中水、沙、营养盐之间的分配关系发生变化,从而导致床面生物膜、浮游动植物、底栖动物以及水生植物等相应随之改变。针对这些变化的系统研究,本文提出了生态河流动力学的概念及理论框架,梳理了生态河流动力学研究中涉及的多个方面的研究进展,包括水沙输移及微地形演变的物理过程、营养盐和污染物质随泥沙输移的化学过程、以及水体中及床面处各类生物过程对于水沙输移及微地形演变的响应等,探讨了水沙输移与河流生物化学过程之间的相互耦合关系,进而提出了生态河流动力学研究所面临的多学科交叉、多尺度耦合等方面的挑战。

Progresses and challenges in the study of Eco-fluvial Dynamics

The construction and operation of large-scale hydraulic projects cause significant changes in the hydrodynamics and sediment transport in the rivers and lakes, which not only bring about riverbed evolution, but also variations in the interactions among water, sediment and nutrients/pollutants. Accordingly, the bed biofilms, phytoplankton/zooplankton, zoobenthos and aquatic plants in the aqueous environment are also changed. In this paper, the concept and theoretical framework of Eco-fluvial Dynamics are proposed, and the relevant research progresses are reviewed, including the physical processes of turbulence, sediment transport and micro-morphology, chemical processes of nutrients and pollutants transport, and the responses of biological processes in the water and at the bed surface. The coupling between the fluvial dynamics and biological/chemical processes are discussed, and the challenges of multi-disciplinary and multi-scale faced by the study of Eco-fluvial Dynamics are further proposed.