海南红塘湾潮汐不对称性分析

基于海南红塘潮位测站2016年3月至2017年3月实测潮位资料及8个临时站点8月9—20日大、中、小全潮实测完整潮位资料，应用偏度与复分析方法，研究了红塘湾潮汐特征及潮汐不对称现象，探讨了红塘湾毗邻海域潮汐不对称性分布特征及机理。研究认为，作为开敞式弧形海湾，红塘湾海域为天文潮主导的不正规全日潮，主要分潮K₁，O₁及M₂等振幅自岸向海稍有减小，迟角自东向西逐渐增大；全年潮汐不对称性表现为落潮主导；潮汐不对称主要受K₁-O₁-M₂分潮的相互作用控制，短时间尺度随其相互作用在大小潮期间波动，长时间尺度受K₁与S₂分潮相互作用呈半年周期性变化，空间上由岸向海、自西向东逐渐减弱，水深相近的湾内变化较小且与湾外有明显区别；以天文潮主导的开敞弧形海湾，潮汐不对称性时间上受各天文潮分潮相互作用影响，空间上受地形要素控制，距岸近、坡陡、水浅时潮汐不对称性更强。

Analysis of tidal asymmetry in Hongtang bay, Hainan

Based on the one-year measured tide data of Hainan Hongtang bay tide level gauging station from March 2016 to March 2017 and the complete measured tide data of spring tide, moderate tide and neap tide of 8 temporary stations from August 9 to August 20 in 2016 and 2017, the skewness and complex analysis method are used to study the tidal characteristics and tidal asymmetry in the Hongtang bay and analyse the distribution characteristics and mechanism of the tidal asymmetry in the adjacent waters of the Hongtang bay. The analysis results show that, as an open arc bay, the Hongtang bay sea area is an irregular diurnal tide area dominated by astronomical tides. The amplitude of the main tidal constituents K1, O1 and M2 decreases slightly from shore to sea, and the tidal component epoch gradually increases from the east to the west. The annual tidal asymmetry is dominated by ebb tide. The tidal asymmetry is mainly controlled by the interaction of K1-O1-M2 constituent, the short time scale fluctuates during the tidal period with its interaction, and the long time scale is subject to the tidal interaction between K1 and S2, which presents a semiannual periodic change; in space, it gradually reduces from the shore to the sea and from the west to the east, the variation within the bay with similar water depth is smaller and has obvious difference from the bay outside. In open arc bays, the tidal asymmetry is affected by the interaction between different astronomical tides in time and controlled by topographic factors in space; and the tidal asymmetry is stronger with a shorter distance to the shore, steep slope and shallow water depth.