垂直上升管内油水乳状液流动特性的研究

在石油、化学工业中,经常会遇到油水两种互不相溶的液体共同流动的情况.由于油水乳状液的广泛存在,以及采出液含水率的不断提高,导致油气集输过程中输液量的大幅度增加,给油气集输工艺和设备带来了新的困难.文中对垂直上升管内油包水型(W/O)和水包油型(O/W)油水乳状液的流动特性进行了实验研究.实验参数范围:含水率εw=0.0～1.0;压力p=0.1～0.6MPa;流量Q=0.14～1.7kg/s;温度T=10～45℃.实验结果分析得出了一个新的油水乳状液表观粘度的表达式,此表达式优于文献中别的预测模型,其计算值和实验结果吻合良好;同时得出一个新的油水乳状液发生相转变的判别式,分析了在相转变点附近油水乳状液在垂直上升管内的流动状态以及发生相转变和流量、含水率的关系;提出了采用Re和摩擦阻力系数的关联式计算摩擦阻力的方法,得到判别油水乳状液为牛顿流体和非牛顿流体的方法.该研究结果对管道输送系统的设计有一定的参考价值.

PETROLEUM ENGINEERING EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON FLOW CHARACTERISTICS OF OIL WATER EMULSION IN UPWARD VERTICAL TUBE

In the petroleum and chemical industry,oil and water two immiscible liquids often flow together.Because the oil water emulsion widely exists and the water fraction in the crude oil increased,a lot of liquids produced which increased the weight of oil and gas transporting process.This causes a lot of new problems for the technology and the equipment of the transportation system.In this paper,an experimental investigation of water in oil(W/O)and oil in water (O/W) oil water emulsions have been taken detailly in upward vertical tube.The experimental parameters are:Water fraction ε_W=0.0～1.0;Pressure p=0.1～0.6MPa;Flowrate M=0.14～1.7Kg/S;Temperature T=10～45℃ A new correlation of effective viscosity for oil water emulsions is obtained according to the experimental results,it is better than that of in the literature.The results predicted by the co rrelation agree with that of experiment well.A correlation is also obtained to determine the phase inversion point.The relationship of the flow patterns of the oil water emulsions with the flow rate and temperature at the phase inversion point are analyzed.At the same time,a method to calculate the frictional pressure drop by the correlation between the Reynold number and the frictional factor is attained and another new method is attained to whether the oil water emulsions are Newtonian or Non Newtonian fluids.The results are useful to design the pipeline transportation system in some degree.