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Solid air hydrogen liquefaction,the missing link of the hydrogen economy
Affiliation:1. International Institute of Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Austria;2. Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil;3. School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, 84, Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea;4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical and Vocational University (TVU), Tehran, Iran;5. Federal University of Espírito Santo, Brazil;6. Renmin University, China;7. Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;8. Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, East Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
Abstract:The most challenging aspect of developing a green hydrogen economy is long-distance oceanic transportation. Hydrogen liquefaction is a transportation alternative. However, the cost and energy consumption for liquefaction is currently prohibitively high, creating a major barrier to hydrogen supply chains. This paper proposes using solid nitrogen or oxygen as a medium for recycling cold energy across the hydrogen liquefaction supply chain. When a liquid hydrogen (LH2) carrier reaches its destination, the regasification process of the hydrogen produces solid nitrogen or oxygen. The solid nitrogen or oxygen is then transported in the LH2 carrier back to the hydrogen liquefaction facility and used to reduce the energy consumption cooling gaseous hydrogen. As a result, the energy required to liquefy hydrogen can be reduced by 25.4% using N2 and 27.3% using O2. Solid air hydrogen liquefaction (SAHL) can be the missing link for implementing a global hydrogen economy.
Keywords:Hydrogen  Transport  Energy carrier  Solid air  Cryogenic refrigeration  Hydrogen economy
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