Feasibility analysis of blending hydrogen into natural gas networks |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Pipeline Engineering Centre, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada;2. Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea;1. Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California, Davis, 1605 Tilia Street, Davis, CA 95616 USA;2. Department of Economics, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 USA;1. The Key Laboratory of Power Machinery and Engineering of Education Ministry, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China;2. Oil & Gas Pipeline Control Center, National Petroleum and Natural Gas Pipe Network Group Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100013, PR China;3. West Pipeline Company, National Petroleum and Natural Gas Pipe Network Group Co., Ltd., Urumqi, 830012, PR China;1. Beijing Key Laboratory of Process Fluid Filtration and Separation, College of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering, China University of Petroleum(Beijing), Beijing, 102249, China;2. School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pipeline Critical Technology and Equipment for Deepwater Oil and Gas Development, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing, 102617, China;1. School of Physics & Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, PR China;2. School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, PR China;3. General Institute of Science and Technology of National Petroleum and Natural Gas Pipeline Network Group Co., Ltd, Langfang, 065000, Hebei, China;4. State Power Investment Corporation Research Institute Co., Ltd, Beijing 102209, China;5. Pneumatic and Thermodynamic Energy Storage and Supply Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing 100191, PR China |
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| Abstract: | Hydrogen fuel has the potential to mitigate the negative effects of greenhouse gases and climate change by neutralizing carbon emissions. Transporting large volume of hydrogen through pipelines needs hydrogen-specific infrastructure such as hydrogen pipelines and compressors, which can become an economic barrier. Thus, the idea of blending hydrogen into existing natural gas pipelines arises as a potential alternative for transporting hydrogen economically by using existing natural gas grids. However, there are several potential issues that must be considered when blending hydrogen into natural gas pipelines. Hydrogen has different physical and chemical properties from natural gas, including a smaller size and lighter weight, which require higher operating pressures to deliver the same amount of energy as natural gas. Additionally, hydrogen's small molecular size and lower ignition energy make it more likely to permeate through pipeline materials and seals, leading to degradation, and its wider flammability limits make it a safety hazard when leaks occur. In this study, we investigate these potential issues through simulation and technical surveys. We develop a gas hydraulic model to simulate the physical characteristics of a transmission and a distribution pipeline. This model is used throughout the study to visualize the potential impacts of switching from natural gas to hydrogen, and to investigate potential problems and solutions. Furthermore, we develop a Real-Time Transient Model (RTTM) to address the compatibility of current computational pipeline monitoring (CPM) based leak detection methods with blended hydrogen. Finally, we suggest the optimal hydrogen concentration for this model, and investigate the amount of carbon reduction that could be achieved, while considering the energy needs of the system. |
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| Keywords: | Hydrogen blending Pipeline safety Leak detection Computational pipeline monitoring |
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