Review of hydrogen technologies based microgrid: Energy management systems,challenges and future recommendations

With the significant development of renewable energy sources in recent years, integrating energy storage systems within a renewable energy microgrid is getting more attention as a promising future hybrid energy system configuration. Recently, hydrogen systems are being considered a promising energy storage option that utilised electrolysers to produce and store hydrogen when energy is surplus and re-supply it into microgrids using fuel cells in energy shortage scenarios. To control the energy flow within such hybrid energy systems, designing an energy management system should be considered a critical task, that allows the technical and economic optimal operation of microgrids. This study presents a comprehensive review and analysis of different energy management systems for hydrogen technologies-based microgrids, including the strategies’ objectives, constraints and techniques as well as the optimisation methods and simulation tools. In addition, an insightful discussion of the existing challenges and suggestions for the future research direction has been given.