Levelized and environmental costs of power-to-gas generation in Germany |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenic Engineering, Xi''an Jiaotong University, Xi''an 710049, China;2. China Special Equipment Inspection and Research Institute, Beijing, 100029, China;3. College of Petroleum and Chemical, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China;1. Indo-Korea Science and Technology Center (IKST), Jakkur, Bengaluru 560065, India;2. Electronic Materials Research Center, KIST, Seoul 136-791, South Korea;3. Center for Energy Materials Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Seoul, Republic of Korea;1. Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois St. Golden, CO 80401, USA;2. Materials Science Program, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois St. Golden, CO 80401, USA;3. National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Pkwy., Golden, CO 80401, USA;1. Guangdong Energy Group Science and Technology Research Institute Co. Ltd., Guangzhou 510000, China;2. Guangdong Huizhou Lng Power Co. Ltd., Huizhou 516000, China;3. Guangdong Energy Group Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510000, China;4. School of Materials and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China;1. Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Nevsehir Haci Bektas Veli University, Nevsehir, 50300, Turkey;2. Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, 26040, Turkey |
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| Abstract: | The transformation to a greener energy system leads to new challenges, as wind and solar power are not always available. A solution for this challenge is the generation of synthetic natural gas (SNG) and hydrogen from (surplus) wind and solar power, so that the green gases can be stored in the natural gas grid long-term and be used for electricity generation when wind and solar power are not accessible. This solution is especially of interest if the storage infrastructure is already in place, as in Germany, since investment costs can be avoided. Because of that, the study investigates the levelized cost of SNG and hydrogen generation in Germany applying the cost estimation method by Rubin et al. For the investigation, different water electrolysis technologies (alkaline electrolysis, polymer exchange membrane, and solid oxide electrolyzer cell with a size of 1 and 100 MW) and energy scenarios (8,000 h grid, 2,000 h grid, wind, and solar) are contemplated. Besides that, the environmental costs of SNG and hydrogen generation in Germany are investigated due to the increasing importance of these costs for society and companies. The author concludes that the levelized costs of SNG and hydrogen are far too high compared to peer studies, as more cost factors have been considered after applying the method by Rubin et al. In terms of the environmental costs, the use of Germany's grid electricity is not recommended for SNG and hydrogen generation since the generation from wind and solar power is more environmentally friendly, whereby wind power is preferable over solar power. |
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| Keywords: | Power-to-Methane Power-to-Hydrogen Levelized cost Environmental costs Energy storage |
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