蜗轮连接螺栓断裂失效分析

装卸料机上的蜗轮连接螺栓材料为35钢,强度等级为10.9级,在设备运行大约10a后发生断裂。对断裂螺栓进行宏观、化学成分、硬度、金相、能谱和断口分析后得出,该螺栓的断裂性质为双向弯曲疲劳断裂,螺栓表面的脱碳和螺纹颈部的应力集中降低了该部位的疲劳性能。通过综合分析和螺栓受力估算后得出,螺栓断裂的主要原因是螺栓和内齿轮螺栓孔之间存在较大的间隙,使螺栓的受力状态和受力大小过早地发生了变化,造成连接螺栓疲劳断裂。

Failure Analysis on Fracture of Worm-gear Connecting Bolts

The worm-gear connecting bolts of refueling machines of a nuclear power plant,with material of 35 steel and strength grade of 10.9,fractured after the device running for about a decade,and means such as macro examination,chemical compositions analysis,hardness test,metallographic examination,fracture SEM analysis and so on,were used to analyze the fractured bolts.The results show that the fracture property of the bolts is two-way bending fatigue fracture.Surface decarburization of the bolts and stress concentration at the bolt thread neck decreased the fatigue strength,which resulted fatigue cracks formed here.By comprehensive analysis and force estimating,it was concluded that the main reason for the fracture is that there is a big gap between the bolt shank parts and their matching internal gear bolt holes,which made the force state and force size of the bolts changed early and finally resulted in fatigue fracture of the worm-gear connecting bolts.