Ethnic differences in dry eye symptoms: Effects of corneal staining and length of contact lens wear |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Health & Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK;2. Department of Physics (Optics and Optometry), University of Florence, Italy;3. School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region;4. School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia;5. Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada;6. Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China;7. Contact Lens Section, Federal University of São Paulo/Paulista School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil;8. Point Vision Bordeaux, Ophthalmologic Center, Bordeaux, France;9. Clinical and Experimental Optometry Research Lab (CEORLab) – Center of Physics, University of Minho, Portugal;10. University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Optometry, Birmingham, AL, USA;11. Global R&D, Menicon Company Limited, Nagoya, Japan;12. Clinica Schaefer, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil;13. International Association of Contact Lens Educators, Pune, India;14. Eye-Contact-Lens Research & Education, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;15. Department of Refraction Pathology, Binocular Vision and Ophthalmoergonomics, Helmholtz National Medical Research Centre of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia;p. Optometry and Vision Science Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan, Malaysia;q. Department of Pharmacy, Biotechnology, Optics and Optometry, European University of Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain;r. Suite 906, Medical Plaza Makati, Amorsolo Corner Dela Rosa Sts, Makati 1229, Philippines;s. Department of Optometry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan;t. Optometry & Vision Research, Weinheim, Germany;u. School of Biomedical & Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK;v. Myopia.Care, SwissLens, Lausanne, Switzerland;w. University Antonio Nariño, Optometry Research Group, Faculty of Optometry, Colombia;x. School of Optometry, The University of Faisalabad, Pakistan;y. Alcon Latin America, LACAR Vision Care, Barrio Loreto, Alcaldia Álvaro Obregón; Ciudad de México;z. International Association of Contact Lens Educators, Lima, Peru;1. Ophthalmic Research Group, School of Health & Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK;2. Department of Physics (Optics and Optometry), University of Florence, Italy;3. School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region;4. Gerry & Johnson Optometrists, Brisbane, Australia;5. Centre for Contact Lens Research, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada;6. Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China;7. Contact Lens Section, Federal University of São Paulo/Paulista School of Medicine São Paulo, Brazil;8. Point Vision Bordeaux, Ophthalmologic Center, Bordeaux, France;9. Clinical and Experimental Optometry Research Lab (CEORLab) – Center of Physics, University of Minho, Portugal;10. University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Optometry, Birmingham, AL, USA;11. Menicon R&D Innovation Centre, Fondation Pour Recherches Medicales, Geneva, Switzerland;12. Clinica Schaefer, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil;13. International Association of Contact Lens Educators, Pune, India;14. Eye Research Institute Maastricht, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands |
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| Abstract: | PurposeTo explore the relationships among length of contact lens (CL) wear, degree of corneal staining and severity of dryness symptoms, and to determine whether these relationships differ between Asians and non-Asians.MethodsAdapted soft CL wearers (n = 395; 180 Asian, 215 non-Asian) were required to discontinue CL wear for at least 24 h and report to the University of California, Berkeley Clinical Research Center (UCB-CRC). Fluorescein corneal staining was graded according to Brien Holden Vision Institute scales. Length of CL wear was reported by subjects and subjective dryness ratings were collected using the UCB-CRC Dry Eye Flow Chart (DEFC).ResultsMore Asian CL wearers exhibited corneal staining compared to non-Asians, and Asian CL wearers had a higher mean grade of corneal staining (p < 0.001), as well as a higher mean DEFC classification (p < 0.001). The difference between Asians and non-Asians in grades of corneal staining extent and depth were significant (p < 0.001). Among non-Asian CL wearers, dryness symptoms decreased with more years of CL wear and increased in the presence of corneal staining, which was not the case for Asian CL wearers.ConclusionsAsian soft CL wearers reported more severe dryness symptoms and demonstrated more severe corneal staining overall compared to non-Asians. Among non-Asians, dryness symptoms were less severe on average with increased years of CL wear and more severe in the presence of corneal staining. Dryness severity does not appear to be related to years of CL wear or corneal staining among Asians. |
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| Keywords: | Asians Ethnicity Soft contact lenses Comfort Contact lens-induced dry eye Dryness Race |
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