船用低速柴油机电控喷油器多参数优化匹配

为了更好地优化电控喷油器性能,笔者基于自主设计的一种船用低速机电控喷油器结构,借助AMESim 软件搭建了电控喷油器的仿真模型,利用专用试验平台试验验证了模型的准确性。随后通过开展各结构参数对电控喷油器性能影响灵敏度量化分析,筛选出对电控喷油器性能影响较大的结构参数,并采用正交试验和遗传算法两种优化法相结合的数值模拟方法,以提高电控喷油器针阀响应速率为目标,对电控喷油器开展了参数优化匹配,得到了关键结构参数对电控喷油器针阀动态响应特性的影响权重和最佳参数组合。结果表明：出油量孔直径是对针阀响应特性影响权重最大的结构参数,控制活塞直径和进油量孔直径次之,而控制腔容积和针阀弹簧预紧力 影响相对较小；应用正交试验法优化后,与原参数方案相比,参数优化后针阀上升时间缩短了1ms,针阀下降时间缩短了1.4ms；通过应用遗传算法优化,相比于原参数方案,参数优化后电控喷油器针阀响应特性明显改善,针阀上升时间下降了40.9%,针阀下降时间缩短了29.1%。

Multi-Parameter Optimal Matching of Electronically Controlled Injector for Marine Low-Speed Diesel Engines

In order to better optimize the performance of electronically controlled injector, based on a self-designed marine low-speed diesel electronically controlled injector structure, a simulation model of electronically controlled injector was built with the help of AMESim software, and the accuracy of the model is verified by the special test platform. Then, by carrying out the quantitative analysis of the sensitivity of the influence of various structural parameters on the performance of the electronically controlled injector, the structural parameters that have a significant impact on the performance of the electronically controlled injector were selected, and the numerical simulation method combining orthogonal test method optimization and genetic algorithm optimization was adopted to improve the needle response rate of the electronically controlled injector. After optimizing and matching the parameters of the electronically controlled injector, the weights of the key structural parameters that affect the dynamic response characteristics of the needle of the electronically controlled injector and the optimal parameter combination were obtained. The result shows: The diameter of the oil output hole is the structural parameter that has the largest weight on the response characteristic of the needle of the electronically controlled injector,and the diameter of the control piston and the diameter of the oil inlet hole are followed, while the influence of the control chamber volume and the preload of the needle valve spring is relatively small; After the optimization using the orthogonal test method, the needle rise time reduces by 1ms and the needle valve fall time reduces by 1.4ms compared with the original parameter scheme; After applying genetic algorithm optimization, compared with the original parameter scheme, the response characteristics of the needle valve of the electronically controlled injector after parameter optimization were significantly improved, the needle rise time decreased by 40.9%, and the needle valve fall time decreased by 29.1%.