变速恒频水力发电技术及其发展

现有水电站多采用恒速发电系统，不仅会造成周期水能捕获效率下降还会导致机组运行环境恶化。水轮机的变速运行是克服上述弊端的关键，文中对水力发电领域变速恒频技术的应用与发展进行了综述。首先，概述了水电站常见类型以及恒速发电系统原理，并归纳了变速发电系统的优缺点；其次，介绍了变速恒频技术的主要实现方法及运行原理，对比了各变速系统的特性及差异，并分析了各系统的适用性及应用前景。最后，分析了变速恒频水力发电技术的重点与难点，并对其未来发展方向进行了展望。

Variable-speed Constant-frequency Hydropower Generation Technology and Its Development

Existing hydropower stations mostly adopt the constant-speed generation systems, which will not only cause a decrease in periodic hydro-energy capture efficiency but also deteriorate the unit operation environment. The variable-speed operation (VSO) of the hydraulic turbine is the key to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks. This paper reviews the application and development of the variable-speed constant-frequency (VSCF) technology in the hydropower generation field. Firstly, the common types of hydropower stations and the principles of constant-speed generation systems are described, and the advantages and disadvantages of VSO systems are induced. Then, the main realization methods and operating principles of the VSCF technology are introduced; the characteristics and differences of each VSO system are compared; and the applicability and prospect of each system are analyzed. Finally, the emphases and difficulties of VSCF hydropower generation technologies are analyzed, and the future development trends are prospected.