Contaminant Residues in Tissues of Adult and Prefledged Herring Gulls from the Great Lakes in Relation to Diet in the Early 1990s |
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| Affiliation: | 1. National Wildlife Research Centre, Canadian Wildlife Service, Hull, Quebec, K1A 0H3, Canada;2. Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio 45435, USA;3. Canadian Wildlife Service, 115 Perimeter Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 0W0, Canada;4. R.R. 2, Bancroft, Ontario, K0L 1C0, Canada;5. Ducks Unlimited Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7L 5Z9, Canada;1. Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 92, Chudong-Ro, Bongdong-Eup, Wanju-Gun, Jeollabuk-Do 565-905, Republic of Korea;2. Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology (RIST), 67, Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang-Si, Gyeongsangbuk-Do 790-600, Republic of Korea;1. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China;2. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Air Pollution Control, South China Institute of Environmental Science, MEE, Guangzhou, 510655, PR China;3. State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China;4. University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China;5. CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China;1. School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA;2. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, New Jersey Field Office, Galloway, NJ 08205, USA;3. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service-retired, Ecological Services Field Office, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA;4. Department of Environmental Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA;1. Behavioural Ecology & Ecophysiology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium;2. Toxicological Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium;3. Arctic Ecology Department, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, FRAM - High North Research Centre on Climate and the Environment, Hjalmar Johansens Gate 14, PO Box 6606, 9296 Tromsø, Norway;4. Environmental Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, 7491 Trondheim, Norway;5. Environmental Research & Monitoring, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Frescativägen 40, PO Box 50007, 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden;6. Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark;7. Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Kivioq 2, PO Box 570, GL-3900 Nuuk, Greenland;8. MARE Centre, Oceanology, University of Liège, Allée de la Chimie 3, 4000 Liège, Belgium;9. iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829 Landau, Germany;10. Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;11. Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark |
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| Abstract: | In the early 1990s, herring gulls (Larus argentatus) were collected in 15 breeding colonies throughout the Great Lakes basin and in two reference colonies on Lake Winnipeg and the Bay of Fundy. Organochlorine and metal concentrations, and stable isotope ratios (15N/14N and 13C/12C) were measured in their tissues, and we qualitatively assessed their diet. Breast muscle δ15N suggested that adults fed on planctivorous or insectivorous fish at six colonies, on piscivorous fish at four, and at a lower trophic level at the remaining three. The concentrations of Co, Ni, Al, Cr, Sn, Fe, and Pb in kidneys of adults suggested anthropogenic enrichment in the Great Lakes basin. Concentrations of contaminants were highest most often in tissues of gulls from Lake Ontario and northern Lake Michigan colonies. Concentrations of Pb in adults from Hamilton Harbour and the Detroit River, and of Se in adults from the southern Lake Huron colony, were similar to published toxicity thresholds. Tissue levels of Cd have increased, while those of Pb have decreased markedly since 1983. DDE, dieldrin, mirex, and ΣPCB concentrations in livers collected from nine of these colonies revealed declines of 16 to 87% at most locations since the early 1980s. 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents were highest in adults from the offshore colonies in western Lake Erie and northern Lake Michigan, where gulls feed on piscivorous fish, and were driven by non-ortho PCBs. There was evidence of an unusually high bioavailablity of organochlorines, especially dieldrin, near the northern Lake Michigan colony during the period of chick growth, and of an ongoing loading of mercury to eastern Lake Ontario. Tissues of adult gulls from colonies on Lakes Ontario, Erie, and Michigan best reflect local conditions whereas those from Lake Superior and northern Lake Huron reflect contaminants accumulated from time spent on the lower lakes. |
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