Comparison of commercial supercapacitors and high-power lithium-ion batteries for power-assist applications in hybrid electric vehicles: I. Initial characterization |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Nanostructured Renewable Energy Materials Laboratory, Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Kuantan, Malaysia;2. R&D Center, Noritake Co Ltd, 300 Higashiyama, Miyoshi, Aichi 470-0293, Japan;1. Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, UK;2. Department of Physics&Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK;3. Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, UK;4. Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China;1. CPME school, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George st, 4001 Brisbane, Australia;2. Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China;3. Business School, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George st, 4001 Brisbane, Australia;1. Instituto Dom Luiz (IDL), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande C8, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal;2. Energy Research Laboratory (ERL), Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicester LE11 3TU, UK;1. Institute for Materials Science and Devices, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, PR China;2. Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China;3. National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China;4. Institute of Physics & IMN MacroNanos (ZIK), Ilmenau University of Technology, Ilmenau, 98693, Germany;5. Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials & Technologies of Clean Electrical Power Sources, Chongqing, 400715, PR China |
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| Abstract: | Commercial supercapacitors, also known as ultracapacitors or electrochemical capacitors, from Saft, Maxwell, Panasonic, CCR, Ness, EPCOS, and Power Systems were tested under constant current and constant power discharges to assess their applicability for power-assist applications in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). Commercial lithium-ion batteries from Saft and Shin-Kobe were also tested under similar conditions. Internal resistances were measured by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), as well as by the “iR drop” method. Self discharge measurements were also recorded. Compared with earlier generations of supercapacitors, the cells showed improved current and power capability. However, their energy densities are still too low to meet goals set by Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles (PNGV) for HEV propulsion. Cells that use acetonitrile as the electrolyte solvent yield better performance, although safety issues need to be addressed. New high-power lithium-ion batteries show high energy densities, with high power capabilities. |
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