Studies of the activated carbons used in double-layer supercapacitors |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Faculty of Applied Chemical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwang-ju 500-757, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea;3. Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Institute of Aeronautical Engineering, Hyderabad 500 043, Telangana, India;1. School of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea;2. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States;3. Department of Engineering and Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States;1. College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;2. Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Optical Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China;1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China;2. State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China;3. Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100084, PR China;4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China;5. School of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China;6. School of Chemical Engineering and the Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China;7. Beijing HCC Energy Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing 100085, PR China;1. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;2. Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Optical Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China;3. Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs 06269, USA |
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| Abstract: | The specific capacitance of activated carbons is determined by both the ratio of edge/basal orientation and the nature of functional group on the surface. The difference between the edge and the basal layers results from the semiconductive properties of basal layer. The ratio of edge/basal orientation can be estimated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The wettability of activated carbons is determined by the nature of functional groups on the surface. Most of the surface groups are electrochemically active. The impact of the surface groups on electrochemical performance of the activated carbon electrodes was investigated by means of various surfactant treatments. The ac impedance and constant current discharge techniques were used. Two types of surface groups which had “capacitor-like” or “battery-like” behaviors, respectively, were revealed and discussed in detail. The surface groups with “battery-like” behavior should be avoided. “Non-symmetric” electrode arrangement should be considered for a double-layer supercapacitor in order to take the advantages of pseudo-capacitance of the surface groups with “capacitor-like” behaviors. |
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