Bacillus cereus emetic toxin production in cooked rice |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow, G4 OBA, Scotland, UK;2. Current address: Centre for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 29 Lincoln Drive, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA;1. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Group of Bacteriology and Biotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Tunisia (IPT), BP 74, 13 Place Pasteur, Belvédère, 1002, Tunis, Tunisia;2. Laboratory of Animal Resources and Food, National Institute of Agronomy, Tunis (INAT), 43, Rue Charles Nicole, Cité Mahrajène, Le Belvédère, 1082, Tunis, Tunisia;1. Departamentos de Farmacobiología y Matemáticas, Universidad de Guadalajara, CUCEI, Boulevard Marcelino García Barragán 1451, Guadalajara, Jalisco, 44430, Mexico;2. Departamento de Salud Pública, CUCBA, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jalisco, 45200, Mexico;3. Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, 77843-2471, USA;1. Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Research Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea;2. Institutes of Green Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea;1. LUNAM Université, ONIRIS, CNRS, GEPEA, UMR 6144, site de la Géraudière, F-44322 Nantes, France;2. Agro Sup Dijon, 26 boulevard Petitjean, CS 87999, 21079 Dijon, France;1. Sichuan Key Laboratory of Food Bio-technology, School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China;2. Key Laboratory of Food Non-Thermal Processing, Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Non-Thermal Processing, Yibin Xihua University Research Institute, Yibin 644004, China |
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| Abstract: | Three mesophilic strains of Bacillus cereus known to produce emetic toxin were used to model germination, growth and emetic toxin production in boiled rice cultures at incubation temperatures ranging from 8°C to 30°C. Minimum temperatures for germination and growth in boiled rice were found to be 15°C for all strains. Toxin production at 15°C was found to be significantly greater (P<0·01; reciprocal toxin titre of 373±124) than at 20°C and 30°C (reciprocal toxin titres 112±37 and 123±41, respectively). Toxin production became detectable after 48 h incubation at 15°C, with a maximum titre reached by 96 h. At 20°C and 30°C, toxin production was detected at 24 h incubation, with a maximum titre reached by 72 h. Toxin production at 15°C was detectable at lower bacterial counts (6·2 log10 cfu g?1), than with incubation at 20°C and 30°C (>7·0 log10 cfu g?1). In this study, the lower temperature limit for germination and growth on solid laboratory medium was found to be 12°C for all strains, i.e. 3°C lower than that observed in boiled rice. |
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