当前我国社会分层与高等教育机会探析--对某所高校2000级学生的实证研究

当前，来自农村和城镇的考生以及父亲身份分别是农民、工人、干部的子女在高等教育的入学机会和专业入读上存在着明显的不均等。这些现象的存在既有其客观必然性，也与综合素质的差异和填报志愿选择有关，同时，还不能排除招生工作的社会腐败现象和不正之风。解决这些问题，一是要加速高等教育大众化步伐，扩大高等教育机会；二是注重综合素质教育，特别是加强农村中小学的综合素质教育；三是改革高考录取制度，减少填报志愿的盲目性；四是严肃高校招生纪律，减少或杜绝招生工作中的不良之风，同时应制定相关的政策，使社会学中的补偿原则和反向歧视理论在高校招生中得到一定体现，使农村考生获得更多的高等教育机会。

A Probe into the Present Social Stratification and Opportunities for Higher Education--A positive research of students in Grade 2000 in a certain university

According to our investigation, at present,there is a great difference in the opportunity for higher education and the choice of majors between the examinees who come from the country or towns and those whose parents are peasants,workers or cadres. The existence of these phenomena has an objective cause,due to the difference in the comprehensive qualities of these examinees and the different selection of majors.Meanwhile,social corruption and unfairness can not be avoided in the process of enrollment.To solve these problems,there are several ways which can be adopted:firstly,to accelerate the massification pace of higher education ,and increase the chance of higher education; secondly,to pay more attention to comprehensive qualities education,especially in middle schools and primary schools of the countryside;thirdly,to reform the enrollment system,and reduce the blindness of choosing majors;fourthly, to take a serious view of enrollment discipline,and put end to harmful phenomena in the process of enrollment;at the same time,to formulate relevant policies in order that compensation principle and reverse discrimination theory in sociology can be reflected in the enrollments,which will create more opportunities for higher education for countryside examinees.