室温条件下纳米银的温和制备和形貌调控

目的 探究室温条件下不同还原剂以及其他实验助剂在化学还原纳米银过程中对其颗粒粒径、尺寸分布和形貌的影响。方法 以抗坏血酸为还原剂，聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）为分散剂，柠檬酸钠为保护剂和第2还原剂，选择葡萄糖和硼氢化钠作对照，在室温下通过化学还原的方法来制备纳米银颗粒。通过马尔文激光粒度仪、紫外–可见光谱（UV–vis）、透射电镜（TEM）等对所制备纳米银进行表征。结果 采用抗坏血酸作为还原剂时，通过调控抗坏血酸体积（0.2 mL），固定柠檬酸钠和PVP体积分别为0.5、0.6 mL，制备出粒径较小（平均粒径为56 nm）且尺寸分布较均一的球形纳米银；采用葡萄糖和硼氢化钠作还原剂时纳米银颗粒尺寸过大（平均粒径分别为216nm和189nm）。结论 采用抗坏血酸作为还原剂，调控柠檬酸钠、PVP等实验参数在最佳范围，更容易制备出球形度好、粒径小的均匀纳米银溶液。

Facial Preparation and Morphology Control of Silver Nanoparticles at Room Temperature

The work aims to investigate the effects of different reducing agents and other experiment additives on the particle size, size distribution and morphology of nano-silver particles during the chemical reduction synthesis. Silver nanoparticles were prepared by chemical reduction at room temperature with ascorbic acid as reducing agent, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as dispersant, sodium citrate as protective agent and second reducing agent, and glucose and sodium borohydride were selected as control. The prepared silver nanoparticles were characterized by Malvin laser particle sizer, UV-Vis and TEM. With ascorbic acid as reducing agent, spherical silver nanoparticles with small particle size (average particle size of 56 nm) and uniform size distribution were prepared by adjusting the volume of ascorbic acid (0.2 mL), fixing the volume of sodium citrate to 0.5 mL and PVP to 0.6 mL; however, the size of silver nanoparticles was too large (the average particle size was 216 nm and 189 nm, respectively) when glucose and sodium borohydride were used as reducing agents. With ascorbic acid as reducing agent and adjusting the experimental parameters such as sodium citrate and PVP in the optimal range, it is easier to prepare uniform nano-silver solution with good sphericity and small particle size.