Characterization of Pheromone Blend for Grapevine Moth, Lobesia botrana by Using Flight Track Recording |
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Authors: | Ashraf El-Sayed Josef Gödde Peter Witzgall Heinrich Arn |
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Affiliation: | (1) Swiss Federal Research Station for Horticulture and Viticulture, CH-8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland;(2) Present address: Department of Plant Protection Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 44, 230 53 Alnarp, Sweden;(3) Department of Plant Protection Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Chemical Ecology, Box 44, S-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden |
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Abstract: | The behavioral responses of Lobesia botrana males to calling females, pheromone gland extracts, and synthetic sex pheromones were recorded in a wind tunnel. Gland extracts and synthetic pheromones were released from a pheromone evaporator. The numbers of males reaching the source and their flight tracks in response to calling females and pheromone gland extracts were compared to those of synthetic blends. Upwind flights to natural sex pheromone were straighter and faster than to a three-component blend of (E)-7,(Z)-9-dodecadienyl acetate (E7,Z9–12:Ac), (E)-7,(Z)-9-dodecadien-1-ol (E7,Z9–12:OH), and (Z)-9-docecenyl acetate (Z9–12:Ac) (100:20:5). The optimum ratio of E7,Z9–12:OH and Z9–12:Ac to E7,Z9–12:Ac was found to be 5% and 1%, respectively. An additional seven compounds identified in the sex pheromone gland were investigated for their biological activity. Two unsaturated acetates, i.e., (E)-9-dodecenyl acetate (E9–12:Ac) and 11-dodecenyl acetate (11–12:Ac), increased the number of males reaching the source as well as straightness, linear velocity, and decreased the track angle of upwind flight. Optimum response was obtained by releasing 10 pg/min E7,Z9–12:Ac in a mixture with 0.5 pg/min E7,Z9–12:OH, 0.1 pg/min Z9–12:Ac, 0.1 pg/min E9– 12:Ac and 1 pg/min 11-12–Ac. The saturated acetates previously identified in the female glands were biologically inactive. |
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Keywords: | Lepidoptera Tortricidae Lobesia botrana grapevine moth wind tunnel behavior flight track recording (E)-7 (Z)-9-dodecadienyl acetate (E)-7 (Z)-9-dodecadien-1-ol (Z)-9-dodecenyl acetate (E)-9-docecenyl acetate 11-dodecenyl acetate pheromone |
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