Cropping pattern of Uttar Pradesh using IRS-P6 (AWiFS) data

The cropping pattern (rotation) of a region depends on the soil, water availability, economic conditions and climatic factors. Remote sensing is one of the effective tools that can provide precise and up-to-date information on the performance of agricultural systems. Four seasons data from the Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS)-P6 Advanced Wide Field Sensor (AWiFS) were used for the generation of the cropping pattern of Uttar Pradesh by geographic information system (GIS)-aided integration of digitally classified crop and land use inventories of the kharif, rabi and zaid crop seasons. Twelve different cropping patterns were delineated and mapped in the Indo-Gangetic plain of Uttar Pradesh. The forests covered about 6.32% of the total geographical area. The net cropped area was 20 282 159.46 ha (84.18% of the total geographical area) and the non-agricultural area observed was 3 437 376.00 ha (14.26% of the total geographical area). Rice was the single most dominant crop of the state, occupying about 32.94% of the total geographical area during the kharif season. Maize/jowar was the second major cereal crop, accounting for 13.77% of the total geographical area of the state. The major crops grown during the rabi season were wheat and pulses/oilseed, covering areas of 7 979 267.71 ha (33.12%) and 5 974 742.58 ha (24.80%), respectively. Rice-wheat, sugarcane and rice-pulses were the major cropping patterns, occupying about 3 958 739.85 ha (16.43%), 3 609 939.74 ha (14.98%) and 2 511 298.24 ha (10.42%), respectively. The areas under pulses/oilseed were significantly higher in the rabi season. Sugarcane-wheat and pulses shared an almost equal area (6.49%). The maize/jowar-wheat cropping pattern occupied 6.14% of the total geographical area of the state. Single cropping patterns (i.e. rice-fallow, fallow-pulses, fallow-wheat, maize-fallow and sugarcane-fallow) were minor, occupying 6.08, 2.94, 4.06, 2.69 and 2.51%, respectively. Waste land, including gulley, salt-affected, waterlogged and rock land, accounted for 3.80% of the total geographical area. The results of this study indicate that temporal IRS-P6 (AWiFS) data are very useful for studying spatial cropping patterns. The values of the Multiple Cropping Index (MCI) and the Cultivated Land Utilization Index (CLUI) show that the study area has a high cropping intensity.