保健食品安全风险点研究

目的掌握市售保健食品的安全风险点,为监管提供技术支撑。方法对2014-2015年国家和省、市相关部门市场抽样的保健食品按照产品质量标准检验,对易非法添加的5类保健食品和假冒保健食品按照国家相关补充检验方法对非法添加物质进行检测,对可能存在食品安全的因素进行风险监测、检验与评估。结果1041批保健食品中不合格61批,合格率为94.1%。在不合格的保健食品中,功效成分/标志性成分不合格频次为36.1%,是保健食品不合格的首要因素。总黄酮、总皂苷、粗多糖、氨基酸总量和蛋白质不合格机率较高;理化指标不合格是保健食品不合格的第二大原因,不合格频次为24.6%,其中水分、灰分、铅等参数不合格的情况较常见,非法添加的不合格率为21.3%;假冒保健食品非法添加形势严峻,在101批额外检品中,检出非法添加83批,非法添加率高达82.2%,主要添加西地那非、西布曲明等。结论湖南省保健食品抽检合格率较高,风险点主要为非法添加和保健食品原材料控制不严,标准研究能力有待提升,对假冒保健食品和非法添加的打击力度有待进一步加强,法规有待进一步完善。

Study on the safety risk point of health food

Objective To investigate the safety risk points of market health food, so as to provide technical support for the supervision. Methods According to the product quality standard, the health foods sampled by national, provincial and municipal related departments from the market in 2014-2015 were determined. According to the national relevant supplementary testing method, 5 kinds of commonly illegal addition ingredients and counterfeit health food were determined, and then the risk monitor, inspection and assessment of unsafe factors possibly existed in foods were analyzed. Results Among 1041 batches of health foods, 61 batches were unqualified and the qualification rate was 94.1%. Among the unqualified health foods, efficacy components or signature ingredients frequency was the primary factor of unqualified health food, which account for 36.1%. Total flavones, total saponins, crude polysaccharide, total amino acids and proteins showed higher unqualified frequency. Unqualified physical and chemical indicators were the second factor for the unqualified health food, which account for 24.6%. Regularly, content of water, ash and plumbane (Pb) and so on were much more common to be unqualified than others. The disqualification rate of illegal addition ingredient was 21.3%. The situation of illegal addition in counterfeit health food was still grim, there were 83 batches examined with illegal addition in 101 batches of extra samples, the disqualification rate of which was up to 82.2%. The main illegal additions were sildenafil and sibutramine, etc. Conclusion The qualification rate of health food sampled in Hunan province is relatively high. The majority of safety risk points focus on the illegal addition and loose control for the health food raw material. Standard research remains to be improved. Further effort is demanded to strike the counterfeit health food and illegal addition, also the rules need further perfection.