玻璃微珠在填充聚丙烯基复合材料中分散效果的分形定量表征

用熔融共混法将玻璃微珠(GB)填充到聚丙烯(PP)中制备PP/GB复合材料,通过冲击试验获得复合材料的冲击强度及其断面,采用扫描电子显微镜观察了断面中GB在PP基体中的分散形态,应用分散分形维数(D_d)的分形模型和图像处理软件测算了GB在PP中的D_d。结果表明,GB在PP中的分散形态具有显著的分形特征,D_d可以定量表征GB在PP基体中的分散效果;GB的D_d先随体积分数(φf)的增加而减小,当φf为11%时,D_d达到最小值,其中改性GB的D_d为1.474,未改性GB的D_d为1.503;随后则随φf的增加而增大;在相同的φf条件下,经硅烷偶联剂改性的GB有较小的D_d;D_d越接近1.5,则GB在PP基体内的分散越均匀,其填充的PP复合材料的冲击强度越高,韧性越好。

Fractal Quantitative Characterization of Disperse Effect of Glass Beads in Filled Polypropylene Composites

The polypropylene (PP) composites filled with glass bead (GB) were prepared by the method of melt blending process,the impact strength and the fracture surface of the PP/GB composites were obtained by the impact test,and the dispersion morphology of the GB in the PP resin were observed by the scanning electron microscope,the disperse fractal dimension (Dd) of the GB in the PP resin was calculated by using the calculating model for the Dd and the image processing software. The results indicate that dispersion morphology of the GB filled in PP is fractal evidently,and the Dd can be used to characterize the dispersion morphol-ogy quantitatively,theDd of GB decreases with the increasing of the volume fraction (φf)firstly,as the φf is 11%,the Dd is the mini-mum,the one of the modified GB in PP resin is 1.474,and the one of the non-modified GB in PP resin is 1.503,then,the Dd of GB increases with the increasing of the φf. Under the same φf,the Dd of the modified GB in the PP resin is smaller than that of the non-modified GB. Much closer to 1.5 the Dd is,more uniform the GB in the PP resin is,and the higher the impact strength of the filled PP composite is,and its toughness is better.