微生物高效分泌蛋白质的策略与应用

相比于胞内蛋白的生产，利用微生物细胞工厂生产分泌型蛋白具有更快速、便捷和下游分离工艺简单等优势。因此，首先概述了细菌微生物与真菌微生物不同的蛋白分泌系统和分泌机制，并分析了在蛋白分泌过程中，不同蛋白分泌系统、蛋白折叠和分泌过程、代谢负担与发酵培养条件对微生物高效表达分泌蛋白的影响以及导致的一系列瓶颈问题。基于以上瓶颈问题，分别从分泌蛋白表达体系、蛋白分泌途径组分、组学研究与发酵条件等方面进行了系统分析并提出相应的优化策略，为提高分泌蛋白的产量提供更多可用的信息与借鉴，旨在为今后利用微生物作为细胞工厂实现外源蛋白的高效分泌生产提供一定的理论基础与技术支持。

Strategies and application of highly efficient secretion of proteins by microorganisms

Compared with intracellular proteins, the secretory protein production has the advantages of rapid and convenient production as well as easy downstream separation. Therefore, the protein secretion systems and secretion mechanisms of bacteria and fungi are first summarized, then the effects of protein secretion system, protein folding and secretion process,metabolic burden and fermentation conditions on protein secretion are analyzed and the resulting bottlenecks are listed. Based on these, the expression system, protein secretory component, omics studies and fermentation conditions involved in protein secretion are reviewed, and the corresponding optimization strategies are put forward to provide more available information and inspiration for efficient protein secretion, aiming to offer some theoretical basis and technical support for the efficient production of heterologous proteins using microbes as cell factories in the future.