岛礁宾馆建筑窗墙比对空调能耗的影响

中国积极推进300万平方公里海洋国土建设,目前正在大力建设南海的西沙群岛和南沙群岛海域.海洋中的岛屿、岛礁气候与陆地气候差异较大,具有高温、高湿、强辐射的海洋气候特点.在这种特殊的气候条件下,结合岛上资源匮乏的事实,研发低能耗建筑成为必然.为确定与岛礁气候相适宜的低能耗建筑的围护结构特点,以西沙的气象实测数据为例分析海洋气候特点,采用动态模拟的方法,以岛礁上拟建宾馆建筑为对象,分析不同朝向窗墙比变化对建筑全年能耗的影响.结果表明:湿负荷约占空调负荷的40%,在夏季西向房间空调负荷最高,南向最低;窗墙比每增加0.1,单位建筑面积空调负荷可增加3~5 k Wh,但空调负荷随东西向窗墙比的增长速度较南北向快;采用综合遮阳方式的节能率最高,约为7%.本研究结果旨在为中国南部海域岛礁建筑窗墙比的合理取值提供参考.

Influence of window-to-wall ratio on hotel building refrigeration consumption in island-reef

China actively promotes the construction of 3 million square kilometers of marine territory, and is vigorously building the Xisha and Nansha islands in the south China sea at present. The climate of islands and reefs in the sea is quite different from that of continent, and is featured by high temperature, high humidity and intense radiation. Combined with the fact of scarce resources on the island, it is inevitable to research and develop low-energy buildings under this special climatic conditions. In order to determine the characteristics of the low-energy building envelope suitable for island-reef climate, this paper analyzes the characteristics of marine climate by taking the measured data of Xisha as an example. To study the influence law of window-to-wall ratio (WWR) on energy consumption, this paper dynamically simulates the annual refrigeration consumption of one hotel to be built on the island. Results show that moisture load accounts for about 40% of the total cooling load. In summer, the total cooling load of the west room is the highest, south room the lowest. Once WWR increases 0.1, the energy consumption increases 3-5 kWh per unit area, but the variety of WWR in west and east takes big effects on building energy consumption than that in south and north. The fractional energy saving of the comprehensive sunshade is 7%, the best of all. The results of this study are intended to provide a reference for the reasonable value of WWR in the South China sea.