生物质模板剂制备介孔材料研究进展

介孔材料的制备通常采用模板法，所用模板剂多为石油衍生的表面活性剂，属于不可再生资源，这种模板剂的使用不符合可持续发展的理念。生物质模板剂具有原料来源广、毒性低、绿色环保等优点，因此受到了研究人员的广泛关注。本文综述了近年来国内外利用生物质模板剂制备介孔材料的研究进展，阐述了脂肪酸及其衍生物、氨基酸类、糖类、脂类等生物质衍生物作为模板剂应用于介孔材料制备的现状，其中糖类作为模板剂用于介孔材料的制备研究较多，简要介绍了利用不同种类生物质模板剂制备介孔材料的条件以及生物质模板剂的去除方法，得出生物质模板剂制备介孔材料操作简单、模板剂容易去除的结论，同时列表总结了所得介孔材料的结构及性质特点和应用情况，并对该领域的研究方向进行了展望。指出采用低成本的方法提纯生物质模板剂，绿色的方法去除生物质模板剂以及构建生物质模板剂的结构、组成与介孔材料的结构、性质之间的对应关系是未来发展的主要方向。

Application of biomass templates in the preparation of mesoporous materials

Mesoporous materials are usually prepared with the petroleum derived surfactants as templates, which are non-renewable resources; the adoption of these templates does not match the concept of sustainable development. The biomass templates have been extensively investigated owing to its wide availability of raw materials, low toxicity, environmental friendlines, and other advantages. This work reviewed the recent research progresses in synthesizing the mesoporous materials with biomass templates, such as fatty acids and their derivatives, amino acids, sugars, lipids and so on. The studies on the application of sugars as template in the preparation of mesoporous materials were more than other biomass templates. The conditions of preparing the mesoporous materials with different kinds of biomass templates and the removal methods of biomass templates were briefly introduced. It was concluded that the operations of synthesizing the mesoporous materials with biomass templates were simple and the biomass templates could be easily removed. At the same time, the characteristics of structures and properties of mesoporous material obtained and their applications were summarized. It was pointed out that the purification of the biomass template at the low cost, the green method to remove the biomass templates, and more studies on the relationship between the structure and composition of biomass templates and the structure and properties of mesoporous materials are the main directions of future development.