赤泥资源化利用和安全处理现状与展望

综述了近年赤泥在有价组分回收、污水处理、气体净化、催化材料、建筑材料及土壤改良等方面的机理研究和应用进展，通过赤泥理化特征分析阐述其各个应用方向的优势及前景。指出造成目前赤泥综合利用率低的最大因素是赤泥中含有大量碱性物质和重金属等，由此突出介绍了赤泥脱碱技术及赤泥毒性浸出研究。总结了国内外赤泥资源化途径较为分散、对赤泥利用的系统研究不足、未真正实现赤泥最大程度资源化也未解决当前赤泥造成的现实及潜在环境安全等问题。立足赤泥处置的"减量化、无害化和资源化"原则，并基于我国国情提出了"气体净化-资源回收-制备建筑材料"赤泥综合治理利用技术路线，为大规模工业固废-赤泥的资源化利用提供了新的研究和工业化思路。

Present status and prospect of red mud resource utilization and safety treatment

This paper reviews the advances in the mechanism research of function and application about the red mud in recent years in the following aspects:valuable components recovery, wastewater treatment, gas purification, catalyst research, and the improvement of building materials and soil, through the analysis of physical and chemical characteristics of red mud. The advantages and application prospects of each application direction were explained. It was pointed out that the red mud contains a large number of alkaline substances and heavy metals, which are the most important factors to restrict the resource utilization and cause potential safety problems. Therefore, the alkali removal technology of red mud and the research of the red mud on the toxic leaching were emphasized. The utilization methods of red mud resources are scattered at home and abroad, while the systematic research on red mud utilization is insufficient, and the red mud hasn't achieved fully utilization, neither does the realistic and potential environmental problems it has generated been solved. Based on the purpose of about red mud disposal "reduction, harmless and recycling" principle and the situation of our country, we put forward some technical measures for comprehensive treatment and utilization of red mud about"gas purificationresource recovery-preparation of building materials ", which offers a lot of new research and industrialized ideas for resource utilization of large-scale industrial solid waste-red mud.