生物基有机酸提取分离技术研究进展

有机酸如乳酸、琥珀酸、柠檬酸、衣康酸、苹果酸等在工业上有重要应用，随着食品、医药、化学合成等工业的发展，有机酸需求骤增，发酵生产有机酸逐渐成为生物工程领域中一个重要而成熟的分支，但存在产物浓度低、成分复杂、后处理量大等问题. 有机酸亲水性好、不同有机酸物理化学性质相近等特点导致产物分离提纯困难，成为制约生物法生产有机酸的瓶颈. 分离发酵液中有机酸的方法主要有沉淀法、萃取法、吸附法、离子交换法、膜分离法、电渗析法和酯化法等. 通过各种分离方法的对比，发现单一的分离方法很难有效分离有机酸. 集成不同分离方法，可简化分离工艺，分离效果更好. 此外，采用新型分离耦合技术，可实现有机酸的连续或半连续生产，是未来发酵行业的一个重要发展方向.

Recent Advances on Recovery and Separation of Biomass-based Organic Acids

Organic acids such as lactic acid, succinic acid, citric acid, itaconic acid, and malic acid have important application in industry. The demand for organic acids increased dramatically with the development of food, medicine and chemical synthesis. The fermentative production of organic acids has developed into an important and mature branch in the field of biological engineering. The fermentation-based routes for the industrial production of organic acids have some problems such as low product concentration, complex composition of fermentation broth and downstream processing. Because of its good hydrophilicity, similar physical and chemical properties, separating and purifying organic acids from fermentation broths is difficult. The separation of organic acids becomes the main bottleneck for organic acid production by biological processes. A number of processes for organic acids recovery from fermentation broths have been studied in the literatures, including precipitation, extraction, adsorption, ion exchange, membrane separation, electrodialysis and esterification. Through the comparison of various separation methods, it is found that a single separation method is difficult to separate organic acids effectively. The integration of different separation methods can simplify the separation process and obtain excellent separation effect. In addition, continuous or semi-continuous production of organic acid is an important direction of future fermentation industry by the novel methods of separation coupling fermentation.